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Symmetries in the Hamiltonian Formulation of String Theory.

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Title: Symmetries in the Hamiltonian Formulation of String Theory.
Authors: Benítez, Héctor A.1 (AUTHOR) hbenitez@utp.edu.pe, Negrón, René2 (AUTHOR), Chew, Xiao Yan (AUTHOR) xiao.yan.chew@just.edu.cn
Source: Advances in High Energy Physics. 12/2/2025, Vol. 2025, p1-11. 11p.
Subjects: String theory, Diffeomorphisms, Hamiltonian mechanics, Gauge symmetries, Lagrangian functions, Constraints (Physics)
Abstract: In the context of the Hamiltonian formulation of string theory, a widely acknowledged issue is the inability of the first‐class constraints to accurately reproduce the Lagrangian symmetry transformations. We take a critical look at the Hamiltonian formulation of the Polyakov string and demonstrate, using Castellani′s procedure, that diffeomorphism and Weyl symmetries naturally emerge without using any field‐dependent reparametrization, thus preserving the theoretical consistency between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian descriptions. Additionally, we will review the standard Hamiltonian analysis of the symmetries in terms of lapse and shift functions and show that the reason behind this failure is not due to the noncanonicity of the variables but rather because this parametrization fails to preserve general covariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advances in High Energy Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+High+Energy+Physics%22">Advances in High Energy Physics</searchLink>. 12/2/2025, Vol. 2025, p1-11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22String+theory%22">String theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diffeomorphisms%22">Diffeomorphisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hamiltonian+mechanics%22">Hamiltonian mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gauge+symmetries%22">Gauge symmetries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lagrangian+functions%22">Lagrangian functions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Constraints+%28Physics%29%22">Constraints (Physics)</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In the context of the Hamiltonian formulation of string theory, a widely acknowledged issue is the inability of the first‐class constraints to accurately reproduce the Lagrangian symmetry transformations. We take a critical look at the Hamiltonian formulation of the Polyakov string and demonstrate, using Castellani′s procedure, that diffeomorphism and Weyl symmetries naturally emerge without using any field‐dependent reparametrization, thus preserving the theoretical consistency between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian descriptions. Additionally, we will review the standard Hamiltonian analysis of the symmetries in terms of lapse and shift functions and show that the reason behind this failure is not due to the noncanonicity of the variables but rather because this parametrization fails to preserve general covariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in High Energy Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1155/ahep/6448068
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diffeomorphisms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hamiltonian mechanics
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      – SubjectFull: Gauge symmetries
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      – SubjectFull: Lagrangian functions
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              Text: 12/2/2025
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