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A low-cost solid aerosol generator of high stability.

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Title: A low-cost solid aerosol generator of high stability.
Authors: Ward, R. X.1 (AUTHOR), Hack, M.1 (AUTHOR), McNeill, V. F.1 (AUTHOR) vfm2103@columbia.edu
Source: Aerosol Science & Technology. Jan2026, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p70-79. 10p.
Subjects: Surface area, Continuous flow reactors, Frequencies of oscillating systems, Nanostructured materials, Stability (Mechanics), Aerosols, Subwoofers, Solids
Abstract: A technique to aerosolize granular solid materials, first proposed by Weyel et al. (1984), is presented and characterized. A low-frequency audio speaker (subwoofer) is used to drive the airborne dispersion and entrainment of solid nanopowders into a continuous flow reactor. Surface area (SA) concentrations exceeding 10,000 μ m2 cm − 3 at the outlet of the generator can be generated stably on the order of hours ( ≈ 2% variation in SA concentration). Variation of the subwoofer's driving frequency between 40 and 100 Hz shows a surface area production maximum between 70 and 80 Hz, likely due to the resonance of the rubber dam upon which the feedstock rests. Reproducible control over the surface area is achievable in replicate trials of the same frequency, though some day-to-day output variability exists. Stable generation of particle surface area is achievable for over 6 h, a desirable outcome for experiments in a variety of contexts, in particular for steady-state flow reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189730522
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: A low-cost solid aerosol generator of high stability.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ward%2C+R%2E+X%2E%22">Ward, R. X.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hack%2C+M%2E%22">Hack, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McNeill%2C+V%2E+F%2E%22">McNeill, V. F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> vfm2103@columbia.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Aerosol+Science+%26+Technology%22">Aerosol Science & Technology</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p70-79. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+area%22">Surface area</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Continuous+flow+reactors%22">Continuous flow reactors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frequencies+of+oscillating+systems%22">Frequencies of oscillating systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stability+%28Mechanics%29%22">Stability (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerosols%22">Aerosols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Subwoofers%22">Subwoofers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solids%22">Solids</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: A technique to aerosolize granular solid materials, first proposed by Weyel et al. (1984), is presented and characterized. A low-frequency audio speaker (subwoofer) is used to drive the airborne dispersion and entrainment of solid nanopowders into a continuous flow reactor. Surface area (SA) concentrations exceeding 10,000 μ m2 cm − 3 at the outlet of the generator can be generated stably on the order of hours ( ≈ 2% variation in SA concentration). Variation of the subwoofer's driving frequency between 40 and 100 Hz shows a surface area production maximum between 70 and 80 Hz, likely due to the resonance of the rubber dam upon which the feedstock rests. Reproducible control over the surface area is achievable in replicate trials of the same frequency, though some day-to-day output variability exists. Stable generation of particle surface area is achievable for over 6 h, a desirable outcome for experiments in a variety of contexts, in particular for steady-state flow reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02786826.2025.2568021
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 70
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Surface area
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Continuous flow reactors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Frequencies of oscillating systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stability (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aerosols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Subwoofers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solids
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A low-cost solid aerosol generator of high stability.
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            NameFull: Ward, R. X.
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            NameFull: Hack, M.
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            NameFull: McNeill, V. F.
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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