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Diversity of crystallization conditions of coherent kimberlites recorded in diamond surface textures: an experimental study.

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Title: Diversity of crystallization conditions of coherent kimberlites recorded in diamond surface textures: an experimental study.
Authors: Fedortchouk, Yana1 (AUTHOR) yana@dal.ca, Chinn, Ingrid L.2 (AUTHOR), Nowicki, Tom3 (AUTHOR), Carlson, Jon A.4 (AUTHOR), Khalid, Shahbaz Bin1,5 (AUTHOR), Bird, Elliot J. M.1,6 (AUTHOR), Toutah, Rosa1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Guangyuan1,7,8,9 (AUTHOR), Pierce-Jones, Thomas1,10 (AUTHOR)
Source: Mineralogy & Petrology. Dec2025, Vol. 119 Issue 4, p1141-1159. 19p.
Subjects: Kimberlite, Diamonds, Dissolution (Chemistry), Scientific observation, Crystallization, Phase separation
Abstract: Kimberlites transport diamonds from the roots of subcratonic lithosphere to the Earth's surface. During the ascent, diamonds react with kimberlite magma and develop a wide range of dissolution features, the geometry of which reflects certain conditions in the host magma. Diamonds from various localities and types of volcanoclastic kimberlites (VK) show low-relief dissolution features, which, according to diamond dissolution experiments, are produced in the presence of C-O-H fluid. However, diamonds from coherent kimberlite (CK) units display distinct features, which not only vary between and within kimberlite units but also show a strong association with certain kimberlite localities. Here we test a hypothesis that these features are a product of diamond reaction with volatile-undersaturated kimberlite melt and examine how the melt composition and crystallization conditions (temperature and pressure) affect diamond dissolution. We conducted experiments in piston-cylinder apparatus at 0.5-2 GPa and 1050–1350 °C using synthetic analogues of evolved kimberlite melt and successfully produced the two diamond dissolution styles common for CK units: (i) fine facetted sharp hillocks and (ii) corrosion sculptures. We found that diamond resorption depends on temperature (T) and pressure (P) and not on the melt composition. Comparing diamonds from VK and CK units in Ekati Mine kimberlites in Canada revealed difference in diamond dissolution in VK and CK units. Our experimental results indicate that diamond resorption features typically reflect the conditions at ~ 15 km depth (0.5 GPa) before the final emplacement of kimberlite magma into a pipe or a dyke. Significant fluid exsolution below ~ 15 km is demonstrated by the presence of abundant C-O-H fluid in the part (pulse) of the magma column producing VK units and an absence of a fluid phase in the part (pulse) emplaced as CK. Our results indicate that dissolution of diamonds from various CK occur in a fluid-free kimberlite magma at 1050-1200oC and 0.5-1 GPa. We apply our experimental results to diamonds from different CK units from Ekati Mine kimberlites and Orapa kimberlite cluster to gain insights to their conditions of formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Mineralogy & Petrology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Diversity of crystallization conditions of coherent kimberlites recorded in diamond surface textures: an experimental study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fedortchouk%2C+Yana%22">Fedortchouk, Yana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yana@dal.ca</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chinn%2C+Ingrid+L%2E%22">Chinn, Ingrid L.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nowicki%2C+Tom%22">Nowicki, Tom</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carlson%2C+Jon+A%2E%22">Carlson, Jon A.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khalid%2C+Shahbaz+Bin%22">Khalid, Shahbaz Bin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bird%2C+Elliot+J%2E+M%2E%22">Bird, Elliot J. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toutah%2C+Rosa%22">Toutah, Rosa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Guangyuan%22">Yu, Guangyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,7,8,9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pierce-Jones%2C+Thomas%22">Pierce-Jones, Thomas</searchLink><relatesTo>1,10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Mineralogy+%26+Petrology%22">Mineralogy & Petrology</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 119 Issue 4, p1141-1159. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kimberlite%22">Kimberlite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diamonds%22">Diamonds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dissolution+%28Chemistry%29%22">Dissolution (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scientific+observation%22">Scientific observation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallization%22">Crystallization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+separation%22">Phase separation</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Kimberlites transport diamonds from the roots of subcratonic lithosphere to the Earth's surface. During the ascent, diamonds react with kimberlite magma and develop a wide range of dissolution features, the geometry of which reflects certain conditions in the host magma. Diamonds from various localities and types of volcanoclastic kimberlites (VK) show low-relief dissolution features, which, according to diamond dissolution experiments, are produced in the presence of C-O-H fluid. However, diamonds from coherent kimberlite (CK) units display distinct features, which not only vary between and within kimberlite units but also show a strong association with certain kimberlite localities. Here we test a hypothesis that these features are a product of diamond reaction with volatile-undersaturated kimberlite melt and examine how the melt composition and crystallization conditions (temperature and pressure) affect diamond dissolution. We conducted experiments in piston-cylinder apparatus at 0.5-2 GPa and 1050–1350 °C using synthetic analogues of evolved kimberlite melt and successfully produced the two diamond dissolution styles common for CK units: (i) fine facetted sharp hillocks and (ii) corrosion sculptures. We found that diamond resorption depends on temperature (T) and pressure (P) and not on the melt composition. Comparing diamonds from VK and CK units in Ekati Mine kimberlites in Canada revealed difference in diamond dissolution in VK and CK units. Our experimental results indicate that diamond resorption features typically reflect the conditions at ~ 15 km depth (0.5 GPa) before the final emplacement of kimberlite magma into a pipe or a dyke. Significant fluid exsolution below ~ 15 km is demonstrated by the presence of abundant C-O-H fluid in the part (pulse) of the magma column producing VK units and an absence of a fluid phase in the part (pulse) emplaced as CK. Our results indicate that dissolution of diamonds from various CK occur in a fluid-free kimberlite magma at 1050-1200oC and 0.5-1 GPa. We apply our experimental results to diamonds from different CK units from Ekati Mine kimberlites and Orapa kimberlite cluster to gain insights to their conditions of formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Mineralogy & Petrology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00710-025-00912-6
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Kimberlite
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      – SubjectFull: Dissolution (Chemistry)
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      – SubjectFull: Phase separation
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