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Effect of noisy environment and evidence of chaos in aquatic snail-epiphyte-submerged macrophyte interactions.

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Title: Effect of noisy environment and evidence of chaos in aquatic snail-epiphyte-submerged macrophyte interactions.
Authors: Sen, Soumita1 (AUTHOR), Maity, Sasanka Shekhar2 (AUTHOR), Pal, Samares1 (AUTHOR) samaresp@yahoo.co.in
Source: Mathematics & Computers in Simulation. Mar2026:Part B, Vol. 241, p183-204. 22p.
Subjects: Macrophytes, Epiphytes, Aquatic ecology, Snails, Eutrophication, Bifurcation theory, Chaos theory
Abstract: Submerged macrophytes are crucial in aquatic ecosystem as they enhance the apparent clarity of lakes and rivers by absorbing significant amount of nutrients and control eutrophication. Epiphytic species create shading effect that inhibits the growth of submerged macrophytes and they generally sensitive to allelopathically active substances produced by submerged plants. Both submerged macrophytes and epiphytes are impacted significantly by selective predation of snails. A mathematical model involving snails, epiphytes, and submerged macrophytes characterized by SI-type disease in submerged macrophytes is proposed and examined in this article. Hopf and transcritical bifurcations are explored comprehensively in order to demonstrate the one parametric bifurcations in the deterministic model. Additionally, the model undergoes quasiperiodic and chaotic dynamics through period doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations. Under chaotic conditions, the detrimental allelopathic effect of the submerged macrophytes on epiphytes may prevent epiphyte growth, helping the system to recover from chaos and retain stability. The suggested model system also shows bi-parametric bifurcations including generalized Hopf, double Hopf, and Chenciner bifurcations. The deterministic model is extended by including environmental white noise. At low white noise strength, we found that the stochastic system oscillates around the solutions of the equivalent deterministic system, but at high intensity, the populations are driven to extinction. Crucially, the elimination of infection from aquatic ecosystems can be achieved with high white noise levels and low infection rate. This comprehensive investigation of the interactions involving snails, submerged macrophytes, and epiphytes offers significant new knowledge of the intricate dynamics of aquatic environments. • Eco-epidemic model on snail-epiphyte-submerged macrophyte interactions. • Model shows Hopf, transcritical, period-doubling, and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations. • Model exhibits bi-parametric bifurcations: generalized Hopf, double Hopf, Chenciner. • Simulations show chaotic and quasiperiodic dynamics commonly occur in the model. • With noise, system oscillates near deterministic case; high noise drives extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Mathematics & Computers in Simulation is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effect of noisy environment and evidence of chaos in aquatic snail-epiphyte-submerged macrophyte interactions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sen%2C+Soumita%22">Sen, Soumita</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maity%2C+Sasanka+Shekhar%22">Maity, Sasanka Shekhar</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pal%2C+Samares%22">Pal, Samares</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> samaresp@yahoo.co.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Mathematics+%26+Computers+in+Simulation%22">Mathematics & Computers in Simulation</searchLink>. Mar2026:Part B, Vol. 241, p183-204. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Macrophytes%22">Macrophytes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epiphytes%22">Epiphytes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aquatic+ecology%22">Aquatic ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Snails%22">Snails</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eutrophication%22">Eutrophication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bifurcation+theory%22">Bifurcation theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chaos+theory%22">Chaos theory</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Submerged macrophytes are crucial in aquatic ecosystem as they enhance the apparent clarity of lakes and rivers by absorbing significant amount of nutrients and control eutrophication. Epiphytic species create shading effect that inhibits the growth of submerged macrophytes and they generally sensitive to allelopathically active substances produced by submerged plants. Both submerged macrophytes and epiphytes are impacted significantly by selective predation of snails. A mathematical model involving snails, epiphytes, and submerged macrophytes characterized by SI-type disease in submerged macrophytes is proposed and examined in this article. Hopf and transcritical bifurcations are explored comprehensively in order to demonstrate the one parametric bifurcations in the deterministic model. Additionally, the model undergoes quasiperiodic and chaotic dynamics through period doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations. Under chaotic conditions, the detrimental allelopathic effect of the submerged macrophytes on epiphytes may prevent epiphyte growth, helping the system to recover from chaos and retain stability. The suggested model system also shows bi-parametric bifurcations including generalized Hopf, double Hopf, and Chenciner bifurcations. The deterministic model is extended by including environmental white noise. At low white noise strength, we found that the stochastic system oscillates around the solutions of the equivalent deterministic system, but at high intensity, the populations are driven to extinction. Crucially, the elimination of infection from aquatic ecosystems can be achieved with high white noise levels and low infection rate. This comprehensive investigation of the interactions involving snails, submerged macrophytes, and epiphytes offers significant new knowledge of the intricate dynamics of aquatic environments. • Eco-epidemic model on snail-epiphyte-submerged macrophyte interactions. • Model shows Hopf, transcritical, period-doubling, and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations. • Model exhibits bi-parametric bifurcations: generalized Hopf, double Hopf, Chenciner. • Simulations show chaotic and quasiperiodic dynamics commonly occur in the model. • With noise, system oscillates near deterministic case; high noise drives extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Mathematics & Computers in Simulation is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.matcom.2025.10.003
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 183
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Macrophytes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epiphytes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aquatic ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Snails
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eutrophication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bifurcation theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chaos theory
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effect of noisy environment and evidence of chaos in aquatic snail-epiphyte-submerged macrophyte interactions.
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            NameFull: Sen, Soumita
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            NameFull: Maity, Sasanka Shekhar
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            NameFull: Pal, Samares
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            – D: 05
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026:Part B
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 241
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