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Passive seismic imaging of the Lower Palaeozoic in the Sudret area of Gotland, Sweden.

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Title: Passive seismic imaging of the Lower Palaeozoic in the Sudret area of Gotland, Sweden.
Authors: Wang, Zhihui1,2 (AUTHOR), Juhlin, Christopher1 (AUTHOR) christopher.juhlin@geo.uu.se, Hedin, Peter3 (AUTHOR), Erlström, Mikael4 (AUTHOR), Sopher, Daniel3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Solid Earth. 2025, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p1421-1436. 16p.
Subjects: Carbon sequestration, Surface waves (Fluids), Imaging systems in seismology, Paleozoic Era, Cross correlation
Geographic Terms: Gotland (Sweden), Sweden, Baltic Sea
Abstract: Passive seismic data were acquired together with active seismic data along a 2.8 km long profile in the Sudret area of Gotland, Sweden, as part of a feasibility study for storage of CO2 below the Baltic Sea. Seismic interferometry using cross-correlation and cross-coherence was employed on the passive seismic data. Cross-correlation was used to retrieve virtual shot gathers containing mainly surface waves, while cross-coherence was used to retrieve mainly seismic reflections. Inversion for shear wave velocity and CDP processing of the passive data result in velocity profiles and images that correlate well with borehole data, synthetic seismograms and active seismic data acquired at the site. Interpretations of the passive surface wave and body wave results provide geological information which complement the active data results, the surface waves providing S-wave velocity information and the body waves providing an image that may have better signal quality at deeper levels. Results from the active seismic and passive seismic data correlate well and there is no indication of any large-scale faults in the area. Furthermore, analysis of the frequency and direction of the ambient noise using power spectral density and beam forming show that ocean waves and human activity around the island of Gotland make the Sudret area an ideal location for passive imaging through ambient noise interferometry. Our results illustrate that passive seismic imaging can be an important complement to active seismic data for structural studies of the subsurface with respect to CO2 storage and monitoring in the Gotland area, Sweden, and perhaps elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Solid Earth is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Passive seismic imaging of the Lower Palaeozoic in the Sudret area of Gotland, Sweden.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zhihui%22">Wang, Zhihui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Juhlin%2C+Christopher%22">Juhlin, Christopher</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> christopher.juhlin@geo.uu.se</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hedin%2C+Peter%22">Hedin, Peter</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Erlström%2C+Mikael%22">Erlström, Mikael</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sopher%2C+Daniel%22">Sopher, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Solid+Earth%22">Solid Earth</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p1421-1436. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+sequestration%22">Carbon sequestration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+waves+%28Fluids%29%22">Surface waves (Fluids)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Imaging+systems+in+seismology%22">Imaging systems in seismology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paleozoic+Era%22">Paleozoic Era</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross+correlation%22">Cross correlation</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gotland+%28Sweden%29%22">Gotland (Sweden)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sweden%22">Sweden</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Baltic+Sea%22">Baltic Sea</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Passive seismic data were acquired together with active seismic data along a 2.8 km long profile in the Sudret area of Gotland, Sweden, as part of a feasibility study for storage of CO2 below the Baltic Sea. Seismic interferometry using cross-correlation and cross-coherence was employed on the passive seismic data. Cross-correlation was used to retrieve virtual shot gathers containing mainly surface waves, while cross-coherence was used to retrieve mainly seismic reflections. Inversion for shear wave velocity and CDP processing of the passive data result in velocity profiles and images that correlate well with borehole data, synthetic seismograms and active seismic data acquired at the site. Interpretations of the passive surface wave and body wave results provide geological information which complement the active data results, the surface waves providing S-wave velocity information and the body waves providing an image that may have better signal quality at deeper levels. Results from the active seismic and passive seismic data correlate well and there is no indication of any large-scale faults in the area. Furthermore, analysis of the frequency and direction of the ambient noise using power spectral density and beam forming show that ocean waves and human activity around the island of Gotland make the Sudret area an ideal location for passive imaging through ambient noise interferometry. Our results illustrate that passive seismic imaging can be an important complement to active seismic data for structural studies of the subsurface with respect to CO2 storage and monitoring in the Gotland area, Sweden, and perhaps elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Solid Earth is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.5194/se-16-1421-2025
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1421
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Carbon sequestration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface waves (Fluids)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Imaging systems in seismology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Paleozoic Era
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      – SubjectFull: Cross correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gotland (Sweden)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sweden
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Baltic Sea
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Passive seismic imaging of the Lower Palaeozoic in the Sudret area of Gotland, Sweden.
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              M: 11
              Text: 2025
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              Y: 2025
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