Enhancing loess deformation resistance using waste tire rubber particles.

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Title: Enhancing loess deformation resistance using waste tire rubber particles.
Authors: Hai Jun Li1 lihaijun@imau.edu.cn, Jian Guang Bai1 b_jg@imau.edu.cn, Wen Qi Kou1 kouwenqi@imau.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Vibroengineering. Nov2025, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p1313-1328. 16p.
Subjects: Loess, Compressibility, Freeze-thaw cycles, Tire recycling, Moisture, Deformations (Mechanics), Particle size determination
Abstract: Loess, characterized by its large pore structure and vertical joints, is prone to collapsible deformation upon moisture infiltration and significant settlement under load, threatening the stability of buildings and infrastructure. This study systematically investigates the effects of rubber particle size (10, 20, 40, and 100 mesh), content (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % by volume), moisture content, and freeze-thaw cycles on the deformation properties of loess. This systematic investigation distinguishes itself by using waste tire rubber particles as the sole amendment to elucidate both the individual and coupled effects of these factors. Results demonstrate that incorporating rubber particles significantly reduces the compression coefficient of loess, with optimal compressibility achieved at a 5 % rubber particle content and 40 mesh particle size. The collapsibility coefficient is minimized at a 20 mesh particle size with the same 5 % content. Moisture content significantly influences deformation behavior, with both high and low levels increasing the compression and collapsibility coefficients. The study also reveals that rubber particle-loess mixtures exhibit superior freeze-thaw resistance, with smaller increases in deformation coefficients after multiple freeze-thaw cycles compared to remolded loess. The particle size and content of rubber particles are identified as the most important factors influencing the compressibility and collapsibility of loess. This research provides specific guidelines for optimizing rubber particle size and content, controlling moisture levels, and evaluating freeze-thaw impacts to enhance the engineering performance of loess. The findings offer a scientific basis for sustainable waste tire management and advance the application of rubber particles in geotechnical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Vibroengineering is the property of Extrica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Enhancing loess deformation resistance using waste tire rubber particles.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hai+Jun+Li%22">Hai Jun Li</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> lihaijun@imau.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jian+Guang+Bai%22">Jian Guang Bai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> b_jg@imau.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wen+Qi+Kou%22">Wen Qi Kou</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> kouwenqi@imau.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Vibroengineering%22">Journal of Vibroengineering</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p1313-1328. 16p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Loess%22">Loess</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressibility%22">Compressibility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Freeze-thaw+cycles%22">Freeze-thaw cycles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tire+recycling%22">Tire recycling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Moisture%22">Moisture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deformations+%28Mechanics%29%22">Deformations (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+size+determination%22">Particle size determination</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Loess, characterized by its large pore structure and vertical joints, is prone to collapsible deformation upon moisture infiltration and significant settlement under load, threatening the stability of buildings and infrastructure. This study systematically investigates the effects of rubber particle size (10, 20, 40, and 100 mesh), content (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % by volume), moisture content, and freeze-thaw cycles on the deformation properties of loess. This systematic investigation distinguishes itself by using waste tire rubber particles as the sole amendment to elucidate both the individual and coupled effects of these factors. Results demonstrate that incorporating rubber particles significantly reduces the compression coefficient of loess, with optimal compressibility achieved at a 5 % rubber particle content and 40 mesh particle size. The collapsibility coefficient is minimized at a 20 mesh particle size with the same 5 % content. Moisture content significantly influences deformation behavior, with both high and low levels increasing the compression and collapsibility coefficients. The study also reveals that rubber particle-loess mixtures exhibit superior freeze-thaw resistance, with smaller increases in deformation coefficients after multiple freeze-thaw cycles compared to remolded loess. The particle size and content of rubber particles are identified as the most important factors influencing the compressibility and collapsibility of loess. This research provides specific guidelines for optimizing rubber particle size and content, controlling moisture levels, and evaluating freeze-thaw impacts to enhance the engineering performance of loess. The findings offer a scientific basis for sustainable waste tire management and advance the application of rubber particles in geotechnical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Vibroengineering is the property of Extrica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.21595/jve.2025.25046
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1313
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Loess
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compressibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Freeze-thaw cycles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tire recycling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Moisture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particle size determination
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Enhancing loess deformation resistance using waste tire rubber particles.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hai Jun Li
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Jian Guang Bai
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wen Qi Kou
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 27
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              Value: 7
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Vibroengineering
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