Spectral and temporal properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources in NGC 4602 with XMM-Newton.
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| Title: | Spectral and temporal properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources in NGC 4602 with XMM-Newton. |
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| Authors: | Mayanglambam, Dayananda1 (AUTHOR) dayanandamayanglambam.phd.phy@manipuruniv.ac.in, Kangjam, Praveen1 (AUTHOR), Devi, A. Senorita1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy. 12/9/2025, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p1-9. 9p. |
| Subjects: | Soft X rays, Galactic X-ray sources, Light curves, Space telescopes, Galaxies |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we report the detailed spectral and temporal properties of six non-nuclear X-ray point sources, namely X-1, X-2, X-3, X-4, X-5, and X-6, located in the Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 4602, utilising the archival XMM-Newton data. Spectral fitting was performed using two empirical models: an absorbed power-law model and an absorbed disk blackbody model. Based on the estimated bolometric luminosity, all six sources fall in the ultraluminous X-ray sources range, with three out of the six sources (X-1, X-3, and X-6) reaching the extreme-luminosity X-ray luminosity range, exceeding 10 40 erg s - 1 , even in their lower limits. Detailed spectral analysis reveals distinct states among the sources. The sources, X-1, X-2, and X-4 exhibit hard spectral state with the powerlaw photon indices Γ ranging from ∼ 1.69 to ∼ 1.79 and inner disk temperatures k T in ∼ 0.65 –1.54 keV, within the error limits, while the sources, X-3, X-5, and X-6 display soft spectra with Γ ∼ 1.97 –2.43 with the cooler disk temperatures lying between k T in ∼ 0.28 and 0.44 keV. In this work, the Luminosity–Temperature relation could not be tightly constrained due to limited data availability, but the validity of L ∼ T 4 relation was taken into account for the purpose of mass estimation. The hard spectral state of the sources (X-1, X-2, and X-4) may be attributed either due to the inverse comptonization of soft seed photons from the hot corona or due to the emission from the innermost region of the accretion flow while the soft spectra of the sources (X-3, X-5, and X-6) could be interpreted either as a thermal emission associated with an outflowing wind or emission from the accretion disk itself. The sources exhibit no short-term temporal variability as indicated by the Chi-square probability of constancy values, which is further complemented by the 3 σ upper limit values of RMS fractional variability. Moreover, the power density spectra created show no sign of pulsations in these sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Spectral and temporal properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources in NGC 4602 with XMM-Newton. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mayanglambam%2C+Dayananda%22">Mayanglambam, Dayananda</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dayanandamayanglambam.phd.phy@manipuruniv.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kangjam%2C+Praveen%22">Kangjam, Praveen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Devi%2C+A%2E+Senorita%22">Devi, A. Senorita</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Astrophysics+%26+Astronomy%22">Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy</searchLink>. 12/9/2025, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p1-9. 9p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soft+X+rays%22">Soft X rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Galactic+X-ray+sources%22">Galactic X-ray sources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+curves%22">Light curves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+telescopes%22">Space telescopes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Galaxies%22">Galaxies</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In this paper, we report the detailed spectral and temporal properties of six non-nuclear X-ray point sources, namely X-1, X-2, X-3, X-4, X-5, and X-6, located in the Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 4602, utilising the archival XMM-Newton data. Spectral fitting was performed using two empirical models: an absorbed power-law model and an absorbed disk blackbody model. Based on the estimated bolometric luminosity, all six sources fall in the ultraluminous X-ray sources range, with three out of the six sources (X-1, X-3, and X-6) reaching the extreme-luminosity X-ray luminosity range, exceeding 10 40 erg s - 1 , even in their lower limits. Detailed spectral analysis reveals distinct states among the sources. The sources, X-1, X-2, and X-4 exhibit hard spectral state with the powerlaw photon indices Γ ranging from ∼ 1.69 to ∼ 1.79 and inner disk temperatures k T in ∼ 0.65 –1.54 keV, within the error limits, while the sources, X-3, X-5, and X-6 display soft spectra with Γ ∼ 1.97 –2.43 with the cooler disk temperatures lying between k T in ∼ 0.28 and 0.44 keV. In this work, the Luminosity–Temperature relation could not be tightly constrained due to limited data availability, but the validity of L ∼ T 4 relation was taken into account for the purpose of mass estimation. The hard spectral state of the sources (X-1, X-2, and X-4) may be attributed either due to the inverse comptonization of soft seed photons from the hot corona or due to the emission from the innermost region of the accretion flow while the soft spectra of the sources (X-3, X-5, and X-6) could be interpreted either as a thermal emission associated with an outflowing wind or emission from the accretion disk itself. The sources exhibit no short-term temporal variability as indicated by the Chi-square probability of constancy values, which is further complemented by the 3 σ upper limit values of RMS fractional variability. Moreover, the power density spectra created show no sign of pulsations in these sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s12036-025-10109-0 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 9 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Soft X rays Type: general – SubjectFull: Galactic X-ray sources Type: general – SubjectFull: Light curves Type: general – SubjectFull: Space telescopes Type: general – SubjectFull: Galaxies Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Spectral and temporal properties of ultraluminous X-ray sources in NGC 4602 with XMM-Newton. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mayanglambam, Dayananda – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kangjam, Praveen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Devi, A. Senorita IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 09 M: 12 Text: 12/9/2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02506335 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 46 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy Type: main |
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