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Physics of secondary flow phenomenon and erosion characteristics in the injector of a Pelton turbine.

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Title: Physics of secondary flow phenomenon and erosion characteristics in the injector of a Pelton turbine.
Authors: Guo, Tao1 (AUTHOR) guotao@kust.edu.cn, Liu, Si-yuan1 (AUTHOR) liusiyuanf@126.com, Hu, Xue-jie1 (AUTHOR), Luo, Zhu-mei2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. Dec2025, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p1-22. 22p.
Subjects: Erosion, Injectors, Turbines, Turbulence, Computer simulation, Euler-Lagrange system, Turbulent flow, Sediment analysis
Abstract: The Pelton turbine is widely used in the development of high-head hydraulic resources. However, in high-altitude mountainous regions, multiple sediment environments, along with secondary flows generated within the cross-sections of the turbine's ring and bifurcation pipes, affect the distribution of sediment particles, leading to the erosion of the injectors. This affects the safety and stability of the unit's operation. In response to this issue, this study applies the Euler-Lagrangian method, using the standard k-ε turbulence model and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to conduct a three-phase unsteady numerical simulation of sediment-laden flow. The goal is to predict the specific erosion locations and amounts for each injector, providing a basis for erosion protection and ensuring the unit's safe operation. The results indicate the following: (1)The distribution impact of ring pipe has the greatest effect on injector erosion, with injectors 1 and 2 exhibiting significantly higher erosion than injectors 3 and 4. (2)Vortex structures and jet diffusion prominently affect erosion locations, which coincide with regions where Dean vortices occur. Erosion on injectors 1, 2, and 4 is concentrated on the inner side of the injector needle, where Dean vortices occur. Due to the stronger internal vortex structure in injector 3, Dean vortices appear on both sides, and erosion is distributed in spots across both surfaces. (3) Smaller injector openings result in greater maximum erosion and a wider erosion range. As particle concentration increases, both the maximum erosion and the erosion range also increase. These findings contribute to the quantitative analysis of sediment erosion values and locations for injectors at different positions, providing numerical support for erosion protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189915359
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Physics of secondary flow phenomenon and erosion characteristics in the injector of a Pelton turbine.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Tao%22">Guo, Tao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> guotao@kust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Si-yuan%22">Liu, Si-yuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liusiyuanf@126.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Xue-jie%22">Hu, Xue-jie</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Zhu-mei%22">Luo, Zhu-mei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Engineering+Applications+of+Computational+Fluid+Mechanics%22">Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p1-22. 22p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Erosion%22">Erosion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Injectors%22">Injectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turbines%22">Turbines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turbulence%22">Turbulence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Euler-Lagrange+system%22">Euler-Lagrange system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turbulent+flow%22">Turbulent flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sediment+analysis%22">Sediment analysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Pelton turbine is widely used in the development of high-head hydraulic resources. However, in high-altitude mountainous regions, multiple sediment environments, along with secondary flows generated within the cross-sections of the turbine's ring and bifurcation pipes, affect the distribution of sediment particles, leading to the erosion of the injectors. This affects the safety and stability of the unit's operation. In response to this issue, this study applies the Euler-Lagrangian method, using the standard k-ε turbulence model and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to conduct a three-phase unsteady numerical simulation of sediment-laden flow. The goal is to predict the specific erosion locations and amounts for each injector, providing a basis for erosion protection and ensuring the unit's safe operation. The results indicate the following: (1)The distribution impact of ring pipe has the greatest effect on injector erosion, with injectors 1 and 2 exhibiting significantly higher erosion than injectors 3 and 4. (2)Vortex structures and jet diffusion prominently affect erosion locations, which coincide with regions where Dean vortices occur. Erosion on injectors 1, 2, and 4 is concentrated on the inner side of the injector needle, where Dean vortices occur. Due to the stronger internal vortex structure in injector 3, Dean vortices appear on both sides, and erosion is distributed in spots across both surfaces. (3) Smaller injector openings result in greater maximum erosion and a wider erosion range. As particle concentration increases, both the maximum erosion and the erosion range also increase. These findings contribute to the quantitative analysis of sediment erosion values and locations for injectors at different positions, providing numerical support for erosion protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/19942060.2025.2479700
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Erosion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Injectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turbines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turbulence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Euler-Lagrange system
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turbulent flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sediment analysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Physics of secondary flow phenomenon and erosion characteristics in the injector of a Pelton turbine.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Guo, Tao
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          Name:
            NameFull: Liu, Si-yuan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hu, Xue-jie
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Luo, Zhu-mei
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19942060
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics
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