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Aerodynamic effects of high-speed train pantographs passing through different typical tunnels.

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Title: Aerodynamic effects of high-speed train pantographs passing through different typical tunnels.
Authors: Qin, Deng1 (AUTHOR), Li, Tian1 (AUTHOR) litian2008@home.swjtu.edu.cn, Zhang, Jiye1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. Dec2025, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p1-18. 18p.
Subjects: High speed trains, Pantograph, Oscillations, Computational fluid dynamics, Aerodynamics, Shock waves, Tunnels, Fluid dynamics
Abstract: This study investigates abnormal oscillations of high-speed pantographs in tunnels using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) method and overset grid technology, analyzing aerodynamic forces, flow patterns, and spectral characteristics under different train speeds and tunnel cross-sectional areas. The results show that the aerodynamic behaviour of the pantograph can be divided into three stages: open air, transition section and tunnel. In tunnels, the time-averaged value and fluctuation intensity of the aerodynamic force coefficient are higher than in open air, with the disparity increasing as train speed and tunnel blockage ratio rise. In the transition section, the train and pantograph entering the tunnel generate pressure waves, which lead to significant fluctuations in the aerodynamic force of the pantograph. The dominant frequency of the aerodynamic force varies depending on the train speed, tunnel cross-sectional area, and track type. Different from the dominant frequency of 134 Hz observed in the open air, the power spectral density of aerodynamic drag and lift in the tunnel presents multiple harmonic peaks. The fundamental frequency shows a positive correlation with both train speed and tunnel blockage ratio, increasing as train speed rises and tunnel cross-sectional area decreases. The coupling of complex vortices will increase the instability of the flow field, affect the dynamic response of the pantograph, and may induce oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189915433
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Aerodynamic effects of high-speed train pantographs passing through different typical tunnels.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qin%2C+Deng%22">Qin, Deng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Tian%22">Li, Tian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> litian2008@home.swjtu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Jiye%22">Zhang, Jiye</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Engineering+Applications+of+Computational+Fluid+Mechanics%22">Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p1-18. 18p.
– Name: Subject
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  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+speed+trains%22">High speed trains</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pantograph%22">Pantograph</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oscillations%22">Oscillations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+fluid+dynamics%22">Computational fluid dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerodynamics%22">Aerodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shock+waves%22">Shock waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tunnels%22">Tunnels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+dynamics%22">Fluid dynamics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates abnormal oscillations of high-speed pantographs in tunnels using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) method and overset grid technology, analyzing aerodynamic forces, flow patterns, and spectral characteristics under different train speeds and tunnel cross-sectional areas. The results show that the aerodynamic behaviour of the pantograph can be divided into three stages: open air, transition section and tunnel. In tunnels, the time-averaged value and fluctuation intensity of the aerodynamic force coefficient are higher than in open air, with the disparity increasing as train speed and tunnel blockage ratio rise. In the transition section, the train and pantograph entering the tunnel generate pressure waves, which lead to significant fluctuations in the aerodynamic force of the pantograph. The dominant frequency of the aerodynamic force varies depending on the train speed, tunnel cross-sectional area, and track type. Different from the dominant frequency of 134 Hz observed in the open air, the power spectral density of aerodynamic drag and lift in the tunnel presents multiple harmonic peaks. The fundamental frequency shows a positive correlation with both train speed and tunnel blockage ratio, increasing as train speed rises and tunnel cross-sectional area decreases. The coupling of complex vortices will increase the instability of the flow field, affect the dynamic response of the pantograph, and may induce oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=189915433
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/19942060.2025.2562109
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: High speed trains
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pantograph
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oscillations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computational fluid dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aerodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shock waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tunnels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid dynamics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Aerodynamic effects of high-speed train pantographs passing through different typical tunnels.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Qin, Deng
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Li, Tian
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Jiye
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      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19942060
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 1
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            – TitleFull: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics
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