View in EDS PDF Full Text

Millimeter-Scale Diffractive Optical Elements Fabricated by TwoPhoton Polymerization for Beam Shaping in Materials Processing.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Millimeter-Scale Diffractive Optical Elements Fabricated by TwoPhoton Polymerization for Beam Shaping in Materials Processing.
Authors: Behlau, Felix1 felix.behlau@ruhr-uni-bochum.de, Marx, Jan1, Zimmermann, Leonie1, Thüsing, Tobias1, Albini, Elia1, Esen, Cemal1, Ostendorf, Andreas1
Source: Journal of Laser Micro / Nanoengineering. Nov2025, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p227-232. 6p.
Subjects: Diffractive optical elements, Polymerization, Manufacturing processes, Microfabrication, Holography, Three-dimensional modeling, Optical modulation
Abstract: Beam shaping is a crucial aspect in the field of laser materials processing. Among the optical elements available for this purpose, Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) stand out due to their robustness and versatility. However, a flexible fabrication method is desirable to facilitate rapid testing of different beam shapes using various DOEs. Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) is a promising fabrication technology for this purpose, as it allows the creation of arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional structures with a resolution down to 100 nm and excellent surface quality. In this work, a DOE was fabricated using 2PP, which modulates the light into a set of two ring beams. The phase input was calculated as a computer-generated hologram using the prism and lens algorithm, where the term for the axial focus shift was substituted by an axicon hologram. The DOE has a diameter of 3.5 mm and a maximum height of 6.4 µm. To fabricate this DOE, the phase input image was converted into a corresponding three-dimensional STL file depending on the gray level of each hologram pixel. After fabrication, beam shaping properties of the DOE were analyzed using a beam profiler to visualize the resulting two ring beams. Damage threshold experiments validated the robustness of the DOE for material processing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Laser Micro / Nanoengineering is the property of Japan Laser Processing Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Links:
  – Type: pdflink
Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189923619
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Millimeter-Scale Diffractive Optical Elements Fabricated by TwoPhoton Polymerization for Beam Shaping in Materials Processing.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Behlau%2C+Felix%22">Behlau, Felix</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> felix.behlau@ruhr-uni-bochum.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marx%2C+Jan%22">Marx, Jan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zimmermann%2C+Leonie%22">Zimmermann, Leonie</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thüsing%2C+Tobias%22">Thüsing, Tobias</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Albini%2C+Elia%22">Albini, Elia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Esen%2C+Cemal%22">Esen, Cemal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ostendorf%2C+Andreas%22">Ostendorf, Andreas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Laser+Micro+%2F+Nanoengineering%22">Journal of Laser Micro / Nanoengineering</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p227-232. 6p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diffractive+optical+elements%22">Diffractive optical elements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymerization%22">Polymerization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manufacturing+processes%22">Manufacturing processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microfabrication%22">Microfabrication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Holography%22">Holography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+modeling%22">Three-dimensional modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+modulation%22">Optical modulation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Beam shaping is a crucial aspect in the field of laser materials processing. Among the optical elements available for this purpose, Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) stand out due to their robustness and versatility. However, a flexible fabrication method is desirable to facilitate rapid testing of different beam shapes using various DOEs. Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) is a promising fabrication technology for this purpose, as it allows the creation of arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional structures with a resolution down to 100 nm and excellent surface quality. In this work, a DOE was fabricated using 2PP, which modulates the light into a set of two ring beams. The phase input was calculated as a computer-generated hologram using the prism and lens algorithm, where the term for the axial focus shift was substituted by an axicon hologram. The DOE has a diameter of 3.5 mm and a maximum height of 6.4 µm. To fabricate this DOE, the phase input image was converted into a corresponding three-dimensional STL file depending on the gray level of each hologram pixel. After fabrication, beam shaping properties of the DOE were analyzed using a beam profiler to visualize the resulting two ring beams. Damage threshold experiments validated the robustness of the DOE for material processing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Laser Micro / Nanoengineering is the property of Japan Laser Processing Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=189923619
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2961/jlmn.2025.03.2008
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 227
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Diffractive optical elements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymerization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manufacturing processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microfabrication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Holography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical modulation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Millimeter-Scale Diffractive Optical Elements Fabricated by TwoPhoton Polymerization for Beam Shaping in Materials Processing.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Behlau, Felix
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Marx, Jan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zimmermann, Leonie
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Thüsing, Tobias
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Albini, Elia
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Esen, Cemal
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ostendorf, Andreas
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 18800688
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 20
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Laser Micro / Nanoengineering
              Type: main
ResultId 1