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Effects of ventilation and hydrogen blending ratio on confined combustion dynamics of leaked hydrogen-blended natural gas in utility tunnels.

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Title: Effects of ventilation and hydrogen blending ratio on confined combustion dynamics of leaked hydrogen-blended natural gas in utility tunnels.
Authors: Zhong, Wei1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Wenxue1 (AUTHOR), Liang, Tianshui1 (AUTHOR), Fu, Huiming2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jiabang2 (AUTHOR), Song, Yifan1 (AUTHOR) syfsyf@zzu.edu.cn
Source: International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer. Dec2025:Part B, Vol. 169, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Ventilation, Natural gas, Flame spread, Leakage, Combustion engineering, Tunnels, Detonation waves, Combustion kinetics
Abstract: Hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) transport via existing natural gas pipelines introduces unique buoyancy-driven leakage and combustion challenges within confined underground infrastructure such as utility tunnels. This study numerically investigates ventilation rate and hydrogen blending ratio (HBR) effects on leaked HBNG dispersion and explosions using a full-scale tunnel model. After 190 s of leakage, the dispersion stabilizes. The HBNG accumulates downstream and forms a vertically stratified concentration, decreasing from the ceiling to the floor due to buoyancy. Increased hydrogen blending ratios elevate the stabilized mixture concentration, while higher ventilation rates accelerate stabilization through enhanced convective mixing and dilution. Upon ignition, flame propagation exhibits distinct wall-attachment, intensifying with higher HBRs and ventilation rates due to altered flow-flame interaction. Explosion overpressure curves show a characteristic double-peak pattern. This pattern is attributed to sequential combustion near walls and within the core flow. Maximum overpressure decreases with increasing ventilation rate, reaching a minimum value of 0.137 MPa at 24 times/h and a 40 % HBR. The location of peak overpressure shifts upstream toward the leak source as ventilation intensifies, highlighting the impact of flow conditions on explosion wave development. These findings quantify fundamental heat and mass transfer processes governing HBNG safety, informing ventilation design and structural protection. • Buoyancy-driven stratification dominates HBNG dispersion. • Ventilation controls flammability through convective dilution. • Flame-wall interaction intensifies with HBR and ventilation. • Ventilation reduces overpressure and shifts peak location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 190230958
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effects of ventilation and hydrogen blending ratio on confined combustion dynamics of leaked hydrogen-blended natural gas in utility tunnels.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhong%2C+Wei%22">Zhong, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Wenxue%22">Wang, Wenxue</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Tianshui%22">Liang, Tianshui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fu%2C+Huiming%22">Fu, Huiming</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jiabang%22">Wang, Jiabang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Yifan%22">Song, Yifan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> syfsyf@zzu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Communications+in+Heat+%26+Mass+Transfer%22">International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer</searchLink>. Dec2025:Part B, Vol. 169, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ventilation%22">Ventilation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+gas%22">Natural gas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flame+spread%22">Flame spread</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leakage%22">Leakage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+engineering%22">Combustion engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tunnels%22">Tunnels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Detonation+waves%22">Detonation waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+kinetics%22">Combustion kinetics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) transport via existing natural gas pipelines introduces unique buoyancy-driven leakage and combustion challenges within confined underground infrastructure such as utility tunnels. This study numerically investigates ventilation rate and hydrogen blending ratio (HBR) effects on leaked HBNG dispersion and explosions using a full-scale tunnel model. After 190 s of leakage, the dispersion stabilizes. The HBNG accumulates downstream and forms a vertically stratified concentration, decreasing from the ceiling to the floor due to buoyancy. Increased hydrogen blending ratios elevate the stabilized mixture concentration, while higher ventilation rates accelerate stabilization through enhanced convective mixing and dilution. Upon ignition, flame propagation exhibits distinct wall-attachment, intensifying with higher HBRs and ventilation rates due to altered flow-flame interaction. Explosion overpressure curves show a characteristic double-peak pattern. This pattern is attributed to sequential combustion near walls and within the core flow. Maximum overpressure decreases with increasing ventilation rate, reaching a minimum value of 0.137 MPa at 24 times/h and a 40 % HBR. The location of peak overpressure shifts upstream toward the leak source as ventilation intensifies, highlighting the impact of flow conditions on explosion wave development. These findings quantify fundamental heat and mass transfer processes governing HBNG safety, informing ventilation design and structural protection. • Buoyancy-driven stratification dominates HBNG dispersion. • Ventilation controls flammability through convective dilution. • Flame-wall interaction intensifies with HBR and ventilation. • Ventilation reduces overpressure and shifts peak location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.109686
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ventilation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Natural gas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flame spread
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Leakage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tunnels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Detonation waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion kinetics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of ventilation and hydrogen blending ratio on confined combustion dynamics of leaked hydrogen-blended natural gas in utility tunnels.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Zhong, Wei
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            NameFull: Wang, Wenxue
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            NameFull: Liang, Tianshui
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            NameFull: Fu, Huiming
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            NameFull: Wang, Jiabang
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            – D: 10
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025:Part B
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 07351933
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              Value: 169
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            – TitleFull: International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer
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