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Physical Aging and Young's Modulus of Polyamide 11 Containing Different Crystal Polymorphs.

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Title: Physical Aging and Young's Modulus of Polyamide 11 Containing Different Crystal Polymorphs.
Authors: Du, Mengxue1 (AUTHOR), Jariyavidyanont, Katalee1 (AUTHOR), Schick, Christoph2 (AUTHOR), Androsch, René1 (AUTHOR) rene.androsch@iw.uni-halle.de
Source: Macromolecular Materials & Engineering. Dec2025, Vol. 310 Issue 12, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Young's modulus, Polyamides, Deterioration of materials, Melt crystallization, Elasticity, Phase transitions, Crystal structure
Abstract: Variation of the conditions of melt‐crystallization of polyamide 11 (PA 11) yields largely different semicrystalline morphologies, including spherulitically arranged triclinic α‐crystal lamellae on slow cooling and a nodular pseudo‐hexagonal mesophase not arranged in a higher‐order µm‐scale superstructure on fast cooling. For samples of a similar fraction of the ordered phase, Young's modulus of PA 11 containing α‐crystals is almost twice than that of PA 11 containing mesophase. Specific annealing experiments allowed reorganization of the mesophase to α‐crystals without a qualitative change of the overall semicrystalline morphology but a significant increase of Young's modulus, which scales with the maximum annealing temperature and suggests that the modulus of elasticity of crystals is significantly higher than that of the mesophase. Long‐term annealing of high‐temperature crystallized PA 11 containing α‐crystals in a space‐filled spherulitic superstructure at ambient temperature does not cause a change of Young's modulus. For rapidly cooled, low‐temperature crystallized PA 11, containing mesophase, the modulus increases over a period of days and weeks, with the increase scaling with the fraction of initially available crystallizable amorphous structure, allowing for glass relaxation and continuation of crystallization. The performed study allows precise adjustment of Young's modulus of polyamide 11 in a wide range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Physical Aging and Young's Modulus of Polyamide 11 Containing Different Crystal Polymorphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Du%2C+Mengxue%22">Du, Mengxue</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jariyavidyanont%2C+Katalee%22">Jariyavidyanont, Katalee</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schick%2C+Christoph%22">Schick, Christoph</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Androsch%2C+René%22">Androsch, René</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rene.androsch@iw.uni-halle.de</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Macromolecular+Materials+%26+Engineering%22">Macromolecular Materials & Engineering</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 310 Issue 12, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young's+modulus%22">Young's modulus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyamides%22">Polyamides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deterioration+of+materials%22">Deterioration of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Melt+crystallization%22">Melt crystallization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elasticity%22">Elasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+structure%22">Crystal structure</searchLink>
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  Data: Variation of the conditions of melt‐crystallization of polyamide 11 (PA 11) yields largely different semicrystalline morphologies, including spherulitically arranged triclinic α‐crystal lamellae on slow cooling and a nodular pseudo‐hexagonal mesophase not arranged in a higher‐order µm‐scale superstructure on fast cooling. For samples of a similar fraction of the ordered phase, Young's modulus of PA 11 containing α‐crystals is almost twice than that of PA 11 containing mesophase. Specific annealing experiments allowed reorganization of the mesophase to α‐crystals without a qualitative change of the overall semicrystalline morphology but a significant increase of Young's modulus, which scales with the maximum annealing temperature and suggests that the modulus of elasticity of crystals is significantly higher than that of the mesophase. Long‐term annealing of high‐temperature crystallized PA 11 containing α‐crystals in a space‐filled spherulitic superstructure at ambient temperature does not cause a change of Young's modulus. For rapidly cooled, low‐temperature crystallized PA 11, containing mesophase, the modulus increases over a period of days and weeks, with the increase scaling with the fraction of initially available crystallizable amorphous structure, allowing for glass relaxation and continuation of crystallization. The performed study allows precise adjustment of Young's modulus of polyamide 11 in a wide range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mame.202500242
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Young's modulus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyamides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deterioration of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Melt crystallization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elasticity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase transitions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal structure
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Physical Aging and Young's Modulus of Polyamide 11 Containing Different Crystal Polymorphs.
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            NameFull: Du, Mengxue
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            NameFull: Jariyavidyanont, Katalee
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            NameFull: Schick, Christoph
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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