Meshfree Method–Based Modeling of Distributed Nanotransmission Line Phase Shifter for 5G Wireless Applications.
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| Title: | Meshfree Method–Based Modeling of Distributed Nanotransmission Line Phase Shifter for 5G Wireless Applications. |
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| Authors: | Sindhuja, N. M. Mary1 (AUTHOR), Kanthamani, S.2 (AUTHOR), Anbalagan, Anand3 (AUTHOR) anand.anbalagan@ftveti.edu.et, Ramalakshmi, P.1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Jin (AUTHOR) xujin227@nwpu.edu.cn |
| Source: | International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. 12/16/2025, Vol. 2025, p1-12. 12p. |
| Subjects: | Meshfree methods, Phase shifters, Electromechanical effects, Radio frequency, Computer simulation, Microstrip transmission lines, Nanoelectromechanical systems, 5G networks |
| Abstract: | The design and analysis of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs) provide significant challenges due to the dominance of surface forces, quantum‐scale effects, and complex material properties, where classical electrostatics and continuum mechanics become inadequate. Numerical modeling has therefore emerged as a powerful approach to predict device behavior prior to fabrication by ensuring reliability and stability. In this paper, a novel 3‐bit distributed NEMS transmission line (DNTL) phase shifter is proposed and modeled using the quasilinear reproducing kernel particle method (QL‐RKPM). Unlike conventional finite element or finite difference methods, the QL‐RKPM provides enhanced accuracy and convergence in capturing the electromechanical behavior of nanoscale membranes by incorporating singular moment matrices and emphasizing linear approximations suitable for large deformations. The proposed DNTL phase shifter is designed with 33 periodically loaded NEMS membranes integrated over a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, enabling discrete phase control at three states (45°, 90°, and 180°). Each membrane is modeled with 101 particles within its structural boundary to accurately extract the up (Cu) and down (Cd) capacitance values using QL‐RKPM. The extracted capacitances, 7.06 fF and 20 pF, respectively, are incorporated into a capacitor–inductor–resistor (CLR) equivalent circuit model and simulated in the Advanced Design System (ADS) to evaluate the RF performance. The phase shifter achieves a low phase error of ±2° with an average insertion loss of −0.6 dB and a return loss of −26 dB at 22 GHz by demonstrating excellent signal integrity and efficiency. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of QL‐RKPM‐based nanoscale electromechanical modeling with RF circuit–level performance evaluation, which allows precise prediction of capacitance variations and phase states without resorting to expensive or iterative fabrication. Furthermore, the proposed design provides multibit discrete phase shifting capability with compact size, low insertion loss, and improved reliability, making it a promising candidate for high‐frequency phased arrays used in 5G wireless systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190280462 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Meshfree Method–Based Modeling of Distributed Nanotransmission Line Phase Shifter for 5G Wireless Applications. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sindhuja%2C+N%2E+M%2E+Mary%22">Sindhuja, N. M. Mary</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kanthamani%2C+S%2E%22">Kanthamani, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anbalagan%2C+Anand%22">Anbalagan, Anand</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> anand.anbalagan@ftveti.edu.et</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramalakshmi%2C+P%2E%22">Ramalakshmi, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Jin%22">Xu, Jin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<i> xujin227@nwpu.edu.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+RF+%26+Microwave+Computer-Aided+Engineering%22">International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering</searchLink>. 12/16/2025, Vol. 2025, p1-12. 12p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meshfree+methods%22">Meshfree methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+shifters%22">Phase shifters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromechanical+effects%22">Electromechanical effects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radio+frequency%22">Radio frequency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstrip+transmission+lines%22">Microstrip transmission lines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoelectromechanical+systems%22">Nanoelectromechanical systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%225G+networks%22">5G networks</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The design and analysis of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs) provide significant challenges due to the dominance of surface forces, quantum‐scale effects, and complex material properties, where classical electrostatics and continuum mechanics become inadequate. Numerical modeling has therefore emerged as a powerful approach to predict device behavior prior to fabrication by ensuring reliability and stability. In this paper, a novel 3‐bit distributed NEMS transmission line (DNTL) phase shifter is proposed and modeled using the quasilinear reproducing kernel particle method (QL‐RKPM). Unlike conventional finite element or finite difference methods, the QL‐RKPM provides enhanced accuracy and convergence in capturing the electromechanical behavior of nanoscale membranes by incorporating singular moment matrices and emphasizing linear approximations suitable for large deformations. The proposed DNTL phase shifter is designed with 33 periodically loaded NEMS membranes integrated over a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, enabling discrete phase control at three states (45°, 90°, and 180°). Each membrane is modeled with 101 particles within its structural boundary to accurately extract the up (Cu) and down (Cd) capacitance values using QL‐RKPM. The extracted capacitances, 7.06 fF and 20 pF, respectively, are incorporated into a capacitor–inductor–resistor (CLR) equivalent circuit model and simulated in the Advanced Design System (ADS) to evaluate the RF performance. The phase shifter achieves a low phase error of ±2° with an average insertion loss of −0.6 dB and a return loss of −26 dB at 22 GHz by demonstrating excellent signal integrity and efficiency. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of QL‐RKPM‐based nanoscale electromechanical modeling with RF circuit–level performance evaluation, which allows precise prediction of capacitance variations and phase states without resorting to expensive or iterative fabrication. Furthermore, the proposed design provides multibit discrete phase shifting capability with compact size, low insertion loss, and improved reliability, making it a promising candidate for high‐frequency phased arrays used in 5G wireless systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1155/mmce/8823750 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Meshfree methods Type: general – SubjectFull: Phase shifters Type: general – SubjectFull: Electromechanical effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Radio frequency Type: general – SubjectFull: Computer simulation Type: general – SubjectFull: Microstrip transmission lines Type: general – SubjectFull: Nanoelectromechanical systems Type: general – SubjectFull: 5G networks Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Meshfree Method–Based Modeling of Distributed Nanotransmission Line Phase Shifter for 5G Wireless Applications. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sindhuja, N. M. Mary – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kanthamani, S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Anbalagan, Anand – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ramalakshmi, P. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Xu, Jin IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 16 M: 12 Text: 12/16/2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10964290 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 2025 Titles: – TitleFull: International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering Type: main |
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