Effect of inorganic matter on pyrolysis and gas formation rates of palm empty fruit bunch and eucalyptus bark using TG–MS.
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| Title: | Effect of inorganic matter on pyrolysis and gas formation rates of palm empty fruit bunch and eucalyptus bark using TG–MS. |
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| Authors: | Jadsadajerm, Supachai1 (AUTHOR), Sornpitak, Thitima2 (AUTHOR), Worasuwannarak, Nakorn2 (AUTHOR) nakorn.wor@kmutt.ac.th |
| Source: | International Journal of Sustainable Energy. Dec2025, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p1-15. 15p. |
| Subjects: | Pyrolysis, Inorganic compounds, Oil palm, Eucalyptus, Leaching, Thermogravimetry, Chemical yield, Chemical reactions |
| Abstract: | Palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and eucalyptus bark (EB) were leached with room-temperature water, hot water, or hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove inorganics, then characterized for ash/elemental content and pyrolysis behavior using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry (TG–MS). Potassium dominated in EFB, while calcium was predominant in EB. Water removed alkali metals but not alkaline earths; HCl removed both (80%–99%). Leaching shifted the main weight loss of EFB to higher temperatures by 20 °C–30 °C, confirming that K catalyses early degradation and promotes char formation. For EB, Ca removal accelerated devolatilization. Gas evolution during pyrolysis decreased after HCl leaching (CO2, CO, H2O), whereas the liquid yield increased markedly: for EFB, it ranged from 24.5 to 40.9 g/100 g raw, and for EB, it ranged from 18.9 to 25.4 g/100 g raw. Overall, selective removal of inorganic species explains the distinct pyrolysis pathways of these biomasses and offers a practical way to improve liquid production. Article highlights: Leached EFB TG curves show delayed degradation with reduced char due to K removal. K accelerated EB devolatilization below 300 °C, while Ca suppressed it at 300 °C–380°C. HCl leaching reduced CO₂, CO, and H₂O but increased H–C liquid yield in pyrolysis. AAEMs significantly affect thermal decomposition and pyrolysis products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of International Journal of Sustainable Energy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190352765 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of inorganic matter on pyrolysis and gas formation rates of palm empty fruit bunch and eucalyptus bark using TG–MS. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jadsadajerm%2C+Supachai%22">Jadsadajerm, Supachai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sornpitak%2C+Thitima%22">Sornpitak, Thitima</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Worasuwannarak%2C+Nakorn%22">Worasuwannarak, Nakorn</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nakorn.wor@kmutt.ac.th</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Sustainable+Energy%22">International Journal of Sustainable Energy</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p1-15. 15p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrolysis%22">Pyrolysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inorganic+compounds%22">Inorganic compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oil+palm%22">Oil palm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eucalyptus%22">Eucalyptus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leaching%22">Leaching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermogravimetry%22">Thermogravimetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+yield%22">Chemical yield</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+reactions%22">Chemical reactions</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and eucalyptus bark (EB) were leached with room-temperature water, hot water, or hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove inorganics, then characterized for ash/elemental content and pyrolysis behavior using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry (TG–MS). Potassium dominated in EFB, while calcium was predominant in EB. Water removed alkali metals but not alkaline earths; HCl removed both (80%–99%). Leaching shifted the main weight loss of EFB to higher temperatures by 20 °C–30 °C, confirming that K catalyses early degradation and promotes char formation. For EB, Ca removal accelerated devolatilization. Gas evolution during pyrolysis decreased after HCl leaching (CO2, CO, H2O), whereas the liquid yield increased markedly: for EFB, it ranged from 24.5 to 40.9 g/100 g raw, and for EB, it ranged from 18.9 to 25.4 g/100 g raw. Overall, selective removal of inorganic species explains the distinct pyrolysis pathways of these biomasses and offers a practical way to improve liquid production. Article highlights: Leached EFB TG curves show delayed degradation with reduced char due to K removal. K accelerated EB devolatilization below 300 °C, while Ca suppressed it at 300 °C–380°C. HCl leaching reduced CO₂, CO, and H₂O but increased H–C liquid yield in pyrolysis. AAEMs significantly affect thermal decomposition and pyrolysis products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Sustainable Energy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1080/14786451.2025.2594948 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 15 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Pyrolysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Inorganic compounds Type: general – SubjectFull: Oil palm Type: general – SubjectFull: Eucalyptus Type: general – SubjectFull: Leaching Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermogravimetry Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical yield Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical reactions Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of inorganic matter on pyrolysis and gas formation rates of palm empty fruit bunch and eucalyptus bark using TG–MS. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jadsadajerm, Supachai – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sornpitak, Thitima – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Worasuwannarak, Nakorn IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 14786451 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 44 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: International Journal of Sustainable Energy Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
