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Improved Smoke Suppression and Toxicity Reduction of Poly(vinyl chloride) Materials Enabled by Rare Earth-based Y2Sn2O7.

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Title: Improved Smoke Suppression and Toxicity Reduction of Poly(vinyl chloride) Materials Enabled by Rare Earth-based Y2Sn2O7.
Authors: Wang, Bi-Bo1 (AUTHOR) wbibo@ustc.edu.cn, Yu, Xiao-Li1,2 (AUTHOR), Yu, Fu-Hao1 (AUTHOR), Song, Zhi-Min1 (AUTHOR), Cao, Hong-Zhang2 (AUTHOR), Han, De-Quan2 (AUTHOR), Song, Lei1 (AUTHOR) leisong@ustc.edu.cn, Hu, Yuan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.). Dec2025, Vol. 43 Issue 12, p2241-2251. 11p.
Subjects: Polyvinyl chloride, Yttrium, Mechanical behavior of materials, Fire prevention, Smoke prevention, Fireproofing agents, Toxicity testing
Abstract: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials are produced with high smoke and toxic gases during combustion, when commercial flame-retardant additives are incorporated. Here, rare-earth yttrium stannate (Y2Sn2O7), which is superior to commercial flame retardants, was designed to enhance the smoke suppression and toxicity reduction performance of PVC materials without damaging their mechanical properties. After the addition of 15 wt% Y2Sn2O7 (PVC/Y2Sn2O7), the PVC composites achieved a V-0 rating, whereas the pure PVC material achieved a V-2 rating. The peak heat release rate of PVC/Y2Sn2O7 composite was reduced from 282.7 kW/m2 (pure PVC) to 243.6 kW/m2. In addition, the maximum smoke density (Ds-max) of PVC/Y2Sn2O7 was 263 m2/m2, a decrease of 48.5% compared to pure PVC materials (511 m2/m2), indicating its outstanding ability for smoke suppression. Compared to Sb2O3, Y2Sn2O7 can effectively reduce the release of the toxic gas CO (decreasing by 37.5%). Furthermore, the tensile strength of PVC can reach as high as 16.1 MPa. Compared with five widely used commercial flame retardants, Y2Sn2O7 demonstrates superior performance, positioning it as a promising alternative to prospective candidates. Therefore, this study developed a rare-earth flame retardant and offers a promising design to improve the fire safety of PVC composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyvinyl+chloride%22">Polyvinyl chloride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Yttrium%22">Yttrium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fire+prevention%22">Fire prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smoke+prevention%22">Smoke prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fireproofing+agents%22">Fireproofing agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toxicity+testing%22">Toxicity testing</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials are produced with high smoke and toxic gases during combustion, when commercial flame-retardant additives are incorporated. Here, rare-earth yttrium stannate (Y2Sn2O7), which is superior to commercial flame retardants, was designed to enhance the smoke suppression and toxicity reduction performance of PVC materials without damaging their mechanical properties. After the addition of 15 wt% Y2Sn2O7 (PVC/Y2Sn2O7), the PVC composites achieved a V-0 rating, whereas the pure PVC material achieved a V-2 rating. The peak heat release rate of PVC/Y2Sn2O7 composite was reduced from 282.7 kW/m2 (pure PVC) to 243.6 kW/m2. In addition, the maximum smoke density (Ds-max) of PVC/Y2Sn2O7 was 263 m2/m2, a decrease of 48.5% compared to pure PVC materials (511 m2/m2), indicating its outstanding ability for smoke suppression. Compared to Sb2O3, Y2Sn2O7 can effectively reduce the release of the toxic gas CO (decreasing by 37.5%). Furthermore, the tensile strength of PVC can reach as high as 16.1 MPa. Compared with five widely used commercial flame retardants, Y2Sn2O7 demonstrates superior performance, positioning it as a promising alternative to prospective candidates. Therefore, this study developed a rare-earth flame retardant and offers a promising design to improve the fire safety of PVC composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10118-025-3449-9
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
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      – SubjectFull: Polyvinyl chloride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Yttrium
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Fire prevention
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      – SubjectFull: Fireproofing agents
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      – SubjectFull: Toxicity testing
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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