Integrative taxonomy reveals lack of phylogenetic signal of the clavulate acanthostyles in Ectyoplasia ferox and non-monophyly of the genus Ectyoplasia (Demospongiae: Raspailiidae).
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| Title: | Integrative taxonomy reveals lack of phylogenetic signal of the clavulate acanthostyles in Ectyoplasia ferox and non-monophyly of the genus Ectyoplasia (Demospongiae: Raspailiidae). |
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| Authors: | Nascimento, Elielton1 (AUTHOR), Lopes, Matheus V.2 (AUTHOR), Laport, Marinella S.3 (AUTHOR), Pinheiro, Ulisses1 (AUTHOR), Muricy, Guilherme4,5 (AUTHOR), Sandes, Joana4 (AUTHOR) jcfsandes@gmail.com |
| Source: | Systematics & Biodiversity. Dec2025, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-27. 27p. |
| Subjects: | Demospongiae, Phylogeny, Biological classification, Phenotypic plasticity, Spicule (Anatomy), Sponges (Invertebrates) |
| Geographic Terms: | Caribbean |
| Abstract: | Morphological plasticity stands out as a primary source of difficulty in sponge taxonomy. Ectyoplasia ferox is an abundant sponge in tropical marine ecosystems, known for producing a diverse array of bioactive compounds with allelopathic, antipredation, and pharmacological properties. However, the taxonomy of E. ferox is complex, as specimens with and without clavulate acanthostyles have been observed in both the Caribbean and Brazil. To assess the phylogeny of Ectyoplasia and the phylogenetic signal of the clavulate acanthostyles in E. ferox, we describe and compare the external morphology, skeletal organization, spicule composition, and sequences of the nuclear gene 28S rRNA (regions D3–D5) and the mitochondrial gene cox-1 in Caribbean and Brazilian specimens of E. ferox, both with and without clavulate acanthostyles. Phylogenetic analyses of both genes supported that all specimens examined belong to the same species, and therefore the presence/absence of clavulate acanthostyles lacks phylogenetic signal in this species. Moreover, the 28S tree strongly supported the non-monophyly of the genus Ectyoplasia, because E. ferox and the type species of the genus, Ectyoplasia tabula, fell into widely separate clades. Morphological evidences also support this non-monophyly, as E. ferox exhibits undifferentiated axial and extra-axial skeletons without ectosomal specialization, which are inconsistent with the current diagnosis of the genus. The placement of E. ferox in the Raspailiidae was supported by the phylogenetic analysis, despite the absence of a typical "raspailiid" ectosomal skeleton and the lack of acanthostyles in some specimens. Our study, like many others, highlights the need to integrate both morphological and molecular data from various specimens across different localities for sponge species delimitation and phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Systematics & Biodiversity is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190411171 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Integrative taxonomy reveals lack of phylogenetic signal of the clavulate acanthostyles in Ectyoplasia ferox and non-monophyly of the genus Ectyoplasia (Demospongiae: Raspailiidae). – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nascimento%2C+Elielton%22">Nascimento, Elielton</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lopes%2C+Matheus+V%2E%22">Lopes, Matheus V.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laport%2C+Marinella+S%2E%22">Laport, Marinella S.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pinheiro%2C+Ulisses%22">Pinheiro, Ulisses</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muricy%2C+Guilherme%22">Muricy, Guilherme</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sandes%2C+Joana%22">Sandes, Joana</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jcfsandes@gmail.com</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Systematics+%26+Biodiversity%22">Systematics & Biodiversity</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-27. 27p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Demospongiae%22">Demospongiae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phylogeny%22">Phylogeny</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+classification%22">Biological classification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenotypic+plasticity%22">Phenotypic plasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spicule+%28Anatomy%29%22">Spicule (Anatomy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sponges+%28Invertebrates%29%22">Sponges (Invertebrates)</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Caribbean%22">Caribbean</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Morphological plasticity stands out as a primary source of difficulty in sponge taxonomy. Ectyoplasia ferox is an abundant sponge in tropical marine ecosystems, known for producing a diverse array of bioactive compounds with allelopathic, antipredation, and pharmacological properties. However, the taxonomy of E. ferox is complex, as specimens with and without clavulate acanthostyles have been observed in both the Caribbean and Brazil. To assess the phylogeny of Ectyoplasia and the phylogenetic signal of the clavulate acanthostyles in E. ferox, we describe and compare the external morphology, skeletal organization, spicule composition, and sequences of the nuclear gene 28S rRNA (regions D3–D5) and the mitochondrial gene cox-1 in Caribbean and Brazilian specimens of E. ferox, both with and without clavulate acanthostyles. Phylogenetic analyses of both genes supported that all specimens examined belong to the same species, and therefore the presence/absence of clavulate acanthostyles lacks phylogenetic signal in this species. Moreover, the 28S tree strongly supported the non-monophyly of the genus Ectyoplasia, because E. ferox and the type species of the genus, Ectyoplasia tabula, fell into widely separate clades. Morphological evidences also support this non-monophyly, as E. ferox exhibits undifferentiated axial and extra-axial skeletons without ectosomal specialization, which are inconsistent with the current diagnosis of the genus. The placement of E. ferox in the Raspailiidae was supported by the phylogenetic analysis, despite the absence of a typical "raspailiid" ectosomal skeleton and the lack of acanthostyles in some specimens. Our study, like many others, highlights the need to integrate both morphological and molecular data from various specimens across different localities for sponge species delimitation and phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Systematics & Biodiversity is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1080/14772000.2025.2507981 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 27 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Demospongiae Type: general – SubjectFull: Phylogeny Type: general – SubjectFull: Biological classification Type: general – SubjectFull: Phenotypic plasticity Type: general – SubjectFull: Spicule (Anatomy) Type: general – SubjectFull: Sponges (Invertebrates) Type: general – SubjectFull: Caribbean Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Integrative taxonomy reveals lack of phylogenetic signal of the clavulate acanthostyles in Ectyoplasia ferox and non-monophyly of the genus Ectyoplasia (Demospongiae: Raspailiidae). Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nascimento, Elielton – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lopes, Matheus V. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Laport, Marinella S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pinheiro, Ulisses – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Muricy, Guilherme – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sandes, Joana IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 14772000 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 23 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Systematics & Biodiversity Type: main |
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