View in EDS

Flash graphene from carbon black: effect of environment conditions on microstructure and energy storage.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Flash graphene from carbon black: effect of environment conditions on microstructure and energy storage.
Authors: Kumar, Subham1,2 (AUTHOR), Alexander, Rajath1,2 (AUTHOR), Kaushal, Amit1,2 (AUTHOR), Prakash, Jyoti1,2 (AUTHOR), Goutam, U.K.3 (AUTHOR), Dasgupta, Kinshuk1,2 (AUTHOR) kdg@barc.gov.in
Source: Diamond & Related Materials. Jan2026, Vol. 161, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Graphene, Energy storage, Carbon-black, Microstructure, Atmosphere, Chemical synthesis, Electrochemical analysis, Plasma dynamics
Abstract: Flash Joule Heating (FJH) offers a scalable and industrially viable method for graphene synthesis, eliminating lengthy thermal treatments and complex chemical processes required by traditional approaches. The present work explores the influence of different environmental conditions‑argon, nitrogen, air, and vacuum on the synthesis of flash graphene (FG) from commercial carbon black, with a focus on microstructural evolution and its impact on energy storage performance. Here, we systematically examined and found that different environment in the chamber affected the plasma dynamics and quenching rates, which in turn affected the defect density and microstructure of the resultant graphene. A mechanistic framework has been proposed to explain how different gases modulate heat transfer and plasma/arcing during the flash events. Structural characterization revealed that all environments yielded turbostratic graphene with minimal interlayer coupling and defects, as evidenced by low I D /I G ratios (0.06–0.1) and high I 2D /I G ratios (11.79 to 16.79) in Raman spectra. Among different gases, argon showed the highest I 2D /I G ratio, highest interplanar spacing of 0.361 nm, and lowest I D / I G ratio indicating the best turbostratic nature and lowest defects. The low Paschen breakdown voltage of argon (168 V) supports low-threshold plasma formation, leading to efficient precursor decomposition and superior graphene quality. FG synthesized under an argon atmosphere displays enhanced electrochemical performance, achieving ∼138 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 with ∼97 % coulombic efficiency, more than three times the capacitance of carbon black (∼39 Fg−1) measured under identical conditions. The results show that controlling the reaction environment determines graphene's structure, performance and scalability for advanced energy-storage applications. [Display omitted] • Effects of Ar,N 2 ,air and vacuum on the quality of flash graphene from carbon black (CB) • Ar atmosphere provides best quality graphene (I 2D /I G ∼ 17) due to stable plasma. • Graphene in Ar shows improved exfoliation (0.361 nm interlayer spacing) and purity (93.74 At.%). • Graphene (in Ar) shows higher capacitance of 139.1F/g compared to 39.1 F/g for CB at 1 A/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Diamond & Related Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 190440825
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Flash graphene from carbon black: effect of environment conditions on microstructure and energy storage.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Subham%22">Kumar, Subham</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alexander%2C+Rajath%22">Alexander, Rajath</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaushal%2C+Amit%22">Kaushal, Amit</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prakash%2C+Jyoti%22">Prakash, Jyoti</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goutam%2C+U%2EK%2E%22">Goutam, U.K.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dasgupta%2C+Kinshuk%22">Dasgupta, Kinshuk</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kdg@barc.gov.in</i>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Diamond+%26+Related+Materials%22">Diamond & Related Materials</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 161, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene%22">Graphene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon-black%22">Carbon-black</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmosphere%22">Atmosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+synthesis%22">Chemical synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrochemical+analysis%22">Electrochemical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+dynamics%22">Plasma dynamics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Flash Joule Heating (FJH) offers a scalable and industrially viable method for graphene synthesis, eliminating lengthy thermal treatments and complex chemical processes required by traditional approaches. The present work explores the influence of different environmental conditions‑argon, nitrogen, air, and vacuum on the synthesis of flash graphene (FG) from commercial carbon black, with a focus on microstructural evolution and its impact on energy storage performance. Here, we systematically examined and found that different environment in the chamber affected the plasma dynamics and quenching rates, which in turn affected the defect density and microstructure of the resultant graphene. A mechanistic framework has been proposed to explain how different gases modulate heat transfer and plasma/arcing during the flash events. Structural characterization revealed that all environments yielded turbostratic graphene with minimal interlayer coupling and defects, as evidenced by low I D /I G ratios (0.06–0.1) and high I 2D /I G ratios (11.79 to 16.79) in Raman spectra. Among different gases, argon showed the highest I 2D /I G ratio, highest interplanar spacing of 0.361 nm, and lowest I D / I G ratio indicating the best turbostratic nature and lowest defects. The low Paschen breakdown voltage of argon (168 V) supports low-threshold plasma formation, leading to efficient precursor decomposition and superior graphene quality. FG synthesized under an argon atmosphere displays enhanced electrochemical performance, achieving ∼138 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 with ∼97 % coulombic efficiency, more than three times the capacitance of carbon black (∼39 Fg−1) measured under identical conditions. The results show that controlling the reaction environment determines graphene's structure, performance and scalability for advanced energy-storage applications. [Display omitted] • Effects of Ar,N 2 ,air and vacuum on the quality of flash graphene from carbon black (CB) • Ar atmosphere provides best quality graphene (I 2D /I G ∼ 17) due to stable plasma. • Graphene in Ar shows improved exfoliation (0.361 nm interlayer spacing) and purity (93.74 At.%). • Graphene (in Ar) shows higher capacitance of 139.1F/g compared to 39.1 F/g for CB at 1 A/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Diamond & Related Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=190440825
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.diamond.2025.113109
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Graphene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon-black
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrochemical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma dynamics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Flash graphene from carbon black: effect of environment conditions on microstructure and energy storage.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kumar, Subham
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Alexander, Rajath
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kaushal, Amit
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Prakash, Jyoti
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Goutam, U.K.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Dasgupta, Kinshuk
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 09259635
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 161
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Diamond & Related Materials
              Type: main
ResultId 1