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A High‐Gain Planar Endfire Circularly Polarized Antenna With Small Aperture Based on Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide.

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Title: A High‐Gain Planar Endfire Circularly Polarized Antenna With Small Aperture Based on Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide.
Authors: Liu, Cong1 (AUTHOR), Fu, Qingfeng1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Leilei1 (AUTHOR) liull@njupt.edu.cn, Luo, Guo Qing2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Microwave & Optical Technology Letters. Dec2025, Vol. 67 Issue 12, p1-8. 8p.
Subjects: Circular polarization, Substrate integrated waveguides, Planar antennas, Antennas (Electronics), Antenna design
Abstract: In this paper, we present the design of a planar endfire circularly polarized (CP) antenna utilizing a periodic structure. The CP antenna is constructed on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) that incorporates a periodic double‐sided rectangular slot structure, culminating in a Vivaldi antenna at the end. The rectangular slot array generates vertically polarized (VP) electric field components for the far‐field, while the Vivaldi antenna contributes horizontally polarized (HP) electric field components. By adjusting the distance between these two components, we achieve a phase difference of 90° between the two polarization components. This results in a planar endfire CP antenna that operates within the frequency range of 23.8 to 25.8 GHz, with an axial ratio of less than 3 dB. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 11.73 dBi. The combination of high gain at small aperture translates to superior aperture utilization and easy edge/board integration, supporting compact endfire arrays, terminal‐side AoA links and 24‐GHz ISM sensing. Compared with recent planar endfire CP designs, the proposed radiator delivers comparable bandwidth but higher gain with smaller width, using a simple, low‐loss, and manufacturing‐friendly single‐layer PCB implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: A High‐Gain Planar Endfire Circularly Polarized Antenna With Small Aperture Based on Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Cong%22">Liu, Cong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fu%2C+Qingfeng%22">Fu, Qingfeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Leilei%22">Liu, Leilei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liull@njupt.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Guo+Qing%22">Luo, Guo Qing</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Microwave+%26+Optical+Technology+Letters%22">Microwave & Optical Technology Letters</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 67 Issue 12, p1-8. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Circular+polarization%22">Circular polarization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substrate+integrated+waveguides%22">Substrate integrated waveguides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planar+antennas%22">Planar antennas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antennas+%28Electronics%29%22">Antennas (Electronics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antenna+design%22">Antenna design</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this paper, we present the design of a planar endfire circularly polarized (CP) antenna utilizing a periodic structure. The CP antenna is constructed on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) that incorporates a periodic double‐sided rectangular slot structure, culminating in a Vivaldi antenna at the end. The rectangular slot array generates vertically polarized (VP) electric field components for the far‐field, while the Vivaldi antenna contributes horizontally polarized (HP) electric field components. By adjusting the distance between these two components, we achieve a phase difference of 90° between the two polarization components. This results in a planar endfire CP antenna that operates within the frequency range of 23.8 to 25.8 GHz, with an axial ratio of less than 3 dB. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 11.73 dBi. The combination of high gain at small aperture translates to superior aperture utilization and easy edge/board integration, supporting compact endfire arrays, terminal‐side AoA links and 24‐GHz ISM sensing. Compared with recent planar endfire CP designs, the proposed radiator delivers comparable bandwidth but higher gain with smaller width, using a simple, low‐loss, and manufacturing‐friendly single‐layer PCB implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/mop.70488
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Circular polarization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Substrate integrated waveguides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Planar antennas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antennas (Electronics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antenna design
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A High‐Gain Planar Endfire Circularly Polarized Antenna With Small Aperture Based on Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide.
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            NameFull: Liu, Cong
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            NameFull: Fu, Qingfeng
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            NameFull: Liu, Leilei
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            NameFull: Luo, Guo Qing
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
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