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Management of Zero-Sequence Parameters for Earth Faults on the Power Receiver's Side in IT-Type Networks.

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Title: Management of Zero-Sequence Parameters for Earth Faults on the Power Receiver's Side in IT-Type Networks.
Authors: Pivnyak, Gennadiy1 (AUTHOR), Stepanenko, Yurii1,2 (AUTHOR), Stecuła, Kinga2,3 (AUTHOR) kyrychenko.m.s@nmu.one, Kyrychenko, Maryna1,4 (AUTHOR), Lysenko, Oleksandra3,5 (AUTHOR), Dychkovskyi, Roman1,4,5 (AUTHOR) dychkovskyi.r.o@nmu.one
Source: Energies (19961073). Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p6407. 20p.
Subjects: Electrical engineering, Electric networks, Electricity safety, Earth currents, Electric insulators & insulation, Fault currents, Quantitative research
Abstract: This study examines the behavior and control of zero-sequence parameters in IT-type electrical networks under conditions of capacitive insulation asymmetry and complex asymmetric faults on the power receiver side. Existing methods of zero-sequence analysis typically address either symmetrical network conditions or single-phase earth faults in isolation, and they often neglect the combined effects of conductor breakage, transient fault resistance, and capacitive unbalance. To overcome these limitations, this work develops an analytical model based on the general theory of electrical engineering and symmetrical components, enabling a unified description of zero-sequence voltages and currents that incorporates both insulation asymmetry and compound fault scenarios. The model establishes closed-form relationships linking zero-sequence quantities to network parameters, power receiver characteristics, and transient resistances at the fault point. The results demonstrate several previously unreported effects, including a 180° vector shift and nearly 50% reduction in zero-sequence voltage and current magnitudes during simultaneous conductor breakage and earth faults compared with conventional single-phase faults—phenomena that critically influence the correct setting of protection devices. The study further shows that capacitive insulation asymmetry alone may generate zero-sequence voltages sufficient to trigger earth-fault protection regardless of the neutral grounding mode. These findings reveal increased risks of fault escalation, misoperation of existing protection systems, and prolonged unsafe touch voltages. Overall, the derived dependencies provide a new analytical basis for improving the design and coordination of protection systems in IT-type networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Management of Zero-Sequence Parameters for Earth Faults on the Power Receiver's Side in IT-Type Networks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pivnyak%2C+Gennadiy%22">Pivnyak, Gennadiy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stepanenko%2C+Yurii%22">Stepanenko, Yurii</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stecuła%2C+Kinga%22">Stecuła, Kinga</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kyrychenko.m.s@nmu.one</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kyrychenko%2C+Maryna%22">Kyrychenko, Maryna</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lysenko%2C+Oleksandra%22">Lysenko, Oleksandra</searchLink><relatesTo>3,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dychkovskyi%2C+Roman%22">Dychkovskyi, Roman</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dychkovskyi.r.o@nmu.one</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p6407. 20p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrical+engineering%22">Electrical engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+networks%22">Electric networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electricity+safety%22">Electricity safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth+currents%22">Earth currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+insulators+%26+insulation%22">Electric insulators & insulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+currents%22">Fault currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantitative+research%22">Quantitative research</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study examines the behavior and control of zero-sequence parameters in IT-type electrical networks under conditions of capacitive insulation asymmetry and complex asymmetric faults on the power receiver side. Existing methods of zero-sequence analysis typically address either symmetrical network conditions or single-phase earth faults in isolation, and they often neglect the combined effects of conductor breakage, transient fault resistance, and capacitive unbalance. To overcome these limitations, this work develops an analytical model based on the general theory of electrical engineering and symmetrical components, enabling a unified description of zero-sequence voltages and currents that incorporates both insulation asymmetry and compound fault scenarios. The model establishes closed-form relationships linking zero-sequence quantities to network parameters, power receiver characteristics, and transient resistances at the fault point. The results demonstrate several previously unreported effects, including a 180° vector shift and nearly 50% reduction in zero-sequence voltage and current magnitudes during simultaneous conductor breakage and earth faults compared with conventional single-phase faults—phenomena that critically influence the correct setting of protection devices. The study further shows that capacitive insulation asymmetry alone may generate zero-sequence voltages sufficient to trigger earth-fault protection regardless of the neutral grounding mode. These findings reveal increased risks of fault escalation, misoperation of existing protection systems, and prolonged unsafe touch voltages. Overall, the derived dependencies provide a new analytical basis for improving the design and coordination of protection systems in IT-type networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric networks
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      – SubjectFull: Electricity safety
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      – SubjectFull: Electric insulators & insulation
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      – SubjectFull: Fault currents
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      – SubjectFull: Quantitative research
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Management of Zero-Sequence Parameters for Earth Faults on the Power Receiver's Side in IT-Type Networks.
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              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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