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Improvement and Validation of Transient Analysis Code FRTAC for Liquid Metal-Cooled Fast Reactors.

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Title: Improvement and Validation of Transient Analysis Code FRTAC for Liquid Metal-Cooled Fast Reactors.
Authors: Hong, Jian1 (AUTHOR), Kuang, Bo2 (AUTHOR), Ren, Lixia1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Yuping1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Xintong1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Xiaochen1 (AUTHOR), Li, Shirui1 (AUTHOR), Hu, Wenjun1 (AUTHOR) kylincefr@sina.com
Source: Energies (19961073). Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p6503. 19p.
Subjects: Fast reactors, Safety, Heat transfer, Computation laboratories, Mechanical efficiency, Model validation, Finite difference method
Abstract: Transient safety analysis is a critical aspect of ensuring the safe design of Liquid Metal-cooled Fast Reactors (LMRs), relying heavily on advanced system analysis programs. To this end, the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) independently developed the Fast Reactor Transient Analysis Code (FRTAC) system analysis code for LMRs, which has been applied to the safety analysis of several reactor types. However, long-term use has revealed certain limitations, such as complex control system modeling and numerical dissipation from the first-order numerical scheme. This study analyzes the current limitations of the code and carries out systematic improvements and validation. The main improvements include enhancing the system compilation architecture and refactoring functional modules to improve computational efficiency, scalability, and usability; introducing a second-order accurate numerical scheme based on a limiter to reduce numerical dissipation in the convection term while ensuring computational stability; and optimizing the solution procedure to accommodate the new architecture and algorithms. The improved code's computational stability and accuracy were validated using the Edwards blowdown experiment and the Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC) once-through steam generator steady-state test, respectively. The validation results show that the improved code maintains excellent numerical stability in problems with rapid transient pressure changes. In steady-state convective heat transfer problems, the computational accuracy and grid convergence are significantly improved, with the relative deviation of the water-side outlet temperature reduced from −3.56% to −0.59%. Under the same computational conditions, the computational efficiency was increased by up to 36.1%. The results of this study will provide a more accurate and efficient system analysis code for the transient safety analysis of LMRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Improvement and Validation of Transient Analysis Code FRTAC for Liquid Metal-Cooled Fast Reactors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p6503. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fast+reactors%22">Fast reactors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Safety%22">Safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computation+laboratories%22">Computation laboratories</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+efficiency%22">Mechanical efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Model+validation%22">Model validation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+difference+method%22">Finite difference method</searchLink>
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  Data: Transient safety analysis is a critical aspect of ensuring the safe design of Liquid Metal-cooled Fast Reactors (LMRs), relying heavily on advanced system analysis programs. To this end, the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) independently developed the Fast Reactor Transient Analysis Code (FRTAC) system analysis code for LMRs, which has been applied to the safety analysis of several reactor types. However, long-term use has revealed certain limitations, such as complex control system modeling and numerical dissipation from the first-order numerical scheme. This study analyzes the current limitations of the code and carries out systematic improvements and validation. The main improvements include enhancing the system compilation architecture and refactoring functional modules to improve computational efficiency, scalability, and usability; introducing a second-order accurate numerical scheme based on a limiter to reduce numerical dissipation in the convection term while ensuring computational stability; and optimizing the solution procedure to accommodate the new architecture and algorithms. The improved code's computational stability and accuracy were validated using the Edwards blowdown experiment and the Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC) once-through steam generator steady-state test, respectively. The validation results show that the improved code maintains excellent numerical stability in problems with rapid transient pressure changes. In steady-state convective heat transfer problems, the computational accuracy and grid convergence are significantly improved, with the relative deviation of the water-side outlet temperature reduced from −3.56% to −0.59%. Under the same computational conditions, the computational efficiency was increased by up to 36.1%. The results of this study will provide a more accurate and efficient system analysis code for the transient safety analysis of LMRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Finite difference method
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      – TitleFull: Improvement and Validation of Transient Analysis Code FRTAC for Liquid Metal-Cooled Fast Reactors.
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              Text: Dec2025
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