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A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tin(II) Sulphide Using Tin(II) Sulphate Precursor via H 2 -Mediated Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis.

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Title: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tin(II) Sulphide Using Tin(II) Sulphate Precursor via H 2 -Mediated Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis.
Authors: Chung, Hanwen1 (AUTHOR) bfriedrich@ime-aachen.de, Stopic, Srecko1 (AUTHOR) hchung@ime-aachen.de, Friedrich, Bernd1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p5497. 17p.
Subjects: Tin, Production methods, Sonication, Phase transitions, Thermodynamics, Hydrogenation, Materials analysis, Manganous sulfate
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? SnS successfully synthesised via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and H2 reduction. Unique synthesising method that is not replicable via simple solid-gas reaction. Thermochemical calculations of the hydrogen reduction of SnSO4. SnSO4 precursor enables clean, single-step conversion without substrate deposition. XRD confirmed SnS formation with minor SnO2 under 600–800 °C conditions. What are the implications of the main findings? Demonstrates novel powder synthesis for SnS materials. Offers alternatives to conventional thin-film deposition routes. Provides insight into phase evolution during SnSO4-H2 reduction. Simplicity and controllable conversion route. This study presents a novel approach for the synthesis of tin(II) sulphide (SnS) by integrating ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with hydrogen reduction (HR), using tin(II) sulphate (SnSO4) as a precursor. The method combines aerosol droplet generation using ultrasonic atomisation at 1.7 MHz with gas-phase reduction in a tube reactor under H2-N2 mixed gas flow. Thermochemical assessment indicated that SnS formation is thermodynamically favourable from 400 to 1000 °C, in reasonable agreement with experimental results. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of SnS as the main phase accompanied by SnO2 as a secondary product without SnSO4 when conducting USP-HR at 1000 °C. SEM images revealed flake-like, spherical, and agglomerated morphologies, with EDS confirming distinct Sn-S regions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing SnS powder using a simple precursor system and a clean reducing environment. The process offers a scalable and controllable synthesis route for SnS materials, providing an alternative to conventional substrate-based deposition techniques. Further optimisation of reaction temperature and residence time is expected to enhance phase purity and reduce agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tin(II) Sulphide Using Tin(II) Sulphate Precursor via H 2 -Mediated Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chung%2C+Hanwen%22">Chung, Hanwen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bfriedrich@ime-aachen.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stopic%2C+Srecko%22">Stopic, Srecko</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hchung@ime-aachen.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Friedrich%2C+Bernd%22">Friedrich, Bernd</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p5497. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tin%22">Tin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Production+methods%22">Production methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sonication%22">Sonication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermodynamics%22">Thermodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogenation%22">Hydrogenation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Materials+analysis%22">Materials analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manganous+sulfate%22">Manganous sulfate</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? SnS successfully synthesised via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and H2 reduction. Unique synthesising method that is not replicable via simple solid-gas reaction. Thermochemical calculations of the hydrogen reduction of SnSO4. SnSO4 precursor enables clean, single-step conversion without substrate deposition. XRD confirmed SnS formation with minor SnO2 under 600–800 °C conditions. What are the implications of the main findings? Demonstrates novel powder synthesis for SnS materials. Offers alternatives to conventional thin-film deposition routes. Provides insight into phase evolution during SnSO4-H2 reduction. Simplicity and controllable conversion route. This study presents a novel approach for the synthesis of tin(II) sulphide (SnS) by integrating ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) with hydrogen reduction (HR), using tin(II) sulphate (SnSO4) as a precursor. The method combines aerosol droplet generation using ultrasonic atomisation at 1.7 MHz with gas-phase reduction in a tube reactor under H2-N2 mixed gas flow. Thermochemical assessment indicated that SnS formation is thermodynamically favourable from 400 to 1000 °C, in reasonable agreement with experimental results. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of SnS as the main phase accompanied by SnO2 as a secondary product without SnSO4 when conducting USP-HR at 1000 °C. SEM images revealed flake-like, spherical, and agglomerated morphologies, with EDS confirming distinct Sn-S regions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing SnS powder using a simple precursor system and a clean reducing environment. The process offers a scalable and controllable synthesis route for SnS materials, providing an alternative to conventional substrate-based deposition techniques. Further optimisation of reaction temperature and residence time is expected to enhance phase purity and reduce agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma18245497
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 5497
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Tin
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Production methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sonication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase transitions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogenation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Materials analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manganous sulfate
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Tin(II) Sulphide Using Tin(II) Sulphate Precursor via H 2 -Mediated Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Chung, Hanwen
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            NameFull: Stopic, Srecko
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            NameFull: Friedrich, Bernd
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            – D: 15
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 19961944
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              Value: 18
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              Value: 24
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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