New Universal Bulk-Fill Composites with Translucency Shift: Impact of Rapid Curing and Ageing on Polymerisation and Mechanical Properties.
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| Title: | New Universal Bulk-Fill Composites with Translucency Shift: Impact of Rapid Curing and Ageing on Polymerisation and Mechanical Properties. |
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| Authors: | Marovic, Danijela1 (AUTHOR) marovic@sfzg.unizg.hr, Par, Matej1 (AUTHOR), Mandic, Eva1 (AUTHOR), Smiljanic, Tena1 (AUTHOR), Negovetic Mandic, Visnja1 (AUTHOR), Panduric, Vlatko1 (AUTHOR), Tarle, Zrinka1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p5613. 18p. |
| Subjects: | Polymerization kinetics, Mechanical behavior of materials, Flexural strength, Thermocycling, Curing, Dental materials, Addition polymerization, Degree of polymerization |
| Abstract: | This study investigated real-time polymerisation kinetics and mechanical properties under accelerated ageing of novel universal bulk-fill composites incorporating reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent ß-allyl sulfone, designed for anterior and posterior applications. Five bulk-fill composites were tested: Tetric Plus Fill and Tetric Plus Flow (new universal composites); their predecessors, Tetric PowerFill and Tetric PowerFlow (Ivoclar); and RAFT-free Ecosite Bulk Fill (DMG). Specimens were polymerised for 3 s (~3000 mW/cm2), 10 s (~1200 mW/cm2), or 20 s (~1200 mW/cm2). Degree of conversion (DC) was monitored during and after curing, with mechanical testing after 24 h and after thermal cycling. DC and maximum polymerisation rate at 4 mm depth were significantly lower than at 0.1 mm for all materials and curing times. Three-second curing accelerated the polymerisation rate at both depths. Except for Ecosite cured for 3 or 10 s as RAFT-free material, DC ratios at 4 mm exceeded 80% of surface values. Tetric Plus Fill and Ecosite exhibited the highest flexural strength after 24 h, while PowerFill and Ecosite showed the highest flexural modulus at 24 h and after thermal cycling. Rapid curing did not compromise mechanical properties after 24 h, except for PowerFlow, the composite with the lowest filler vol%, but negatively affected both flowable composites after ageing. Thermal cycling reduced flexural strength in most tested conditions, but all materials and curing conditions more than satisfied the ISO 4049 requirements. The new simplified universal composite Plus Fill has a higher DC and improved polymerisation kinetics compared to its predecessor, PowerFill. Rapid curing is not recommended for the material without RAFT agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190471546 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: New Universal Bulk-Fill Composites with Translucency Shift: Impact of Rapid Curing and Ageing on Polymerisation and Mechanical Properties. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marovic%2C+Danijela%22">Marovic, Danijela</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> marovic@sfzg.unizg.hr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Par%2C+Matej%22">Par, Matej</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mandic%2C+Eva%22">Mandic, Eva</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smiljanic%2C+Tena%22">Smiljanic, Tena</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Negovetic+Mandic%2C+Visnja%22">Negovetic Mandic, Visnja</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Panduric%2C+Vlatko%22">Panduric, Vlatko</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tarle%2C+Zrinka%22">Tarle, Zrinka</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 24, p5613. 18p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymerization+kinetics%22">Polymerization kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flexural+strength%22">Flexural strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermocycling%22">Thermocycling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Curing%22">Curing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dental+materials%22">Dental materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Addition+polymerization%22">Addition polymerization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Degree+of+polymerization%22">Degree of polymerization</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study investigated real-time polymerisation kinetics and mechanical properties under accelerated ageing of novel universal bulk-fill composites incorporating reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent ß-allyl sulfone, designed for anterior and posterior applications. Five bulk-fill composites were tested: Tetric Plus Fill and Tetric Plus Flow (new universal composites); their predecessors, Tetric PowerFill and Tetric PowerFlow (Ivoclar); and RAFT-free Ecosite Bulk Fill (DMG). Specimens were polymerised for 3 s (~3000 mW/cm2), 10 s (~1200 mW/cm2), or 20 s (~1200 mW/cm2). Degree of conversion (DC) was monitored during and after curing, with mechanical testing after 24 h and after thermal cycling. DC and maximum polymerisation rate at 4 mm depth were significantly lower than at 0.1 mm for all materials and curing times. Three-second curing accelerated the polymerisation rate at both depths. Except for Ecosite cured for 3 or 10 s as RAFT-free material, DC ratios at 4 mm exceeded 80% of surface values. Tetric Plus Fill and Ecosite exhibited the highest flexural strength after 24 h, while PowerFill and Ecosite showed the highest flexural modulus at 24 h and after thermal cycling. Rapid curing did not compromise mechanical properties after 24 h, except for PowerFlow, the composite with the lowest filler vol%, but negatively affected both flowable composites after ageing. Thermal cycling reduced flexural strength in most tested conditions, but all materials and curing conditions more than satisfied the ISO 4049 requirements. The new simplified universal composite Plus Fill has a higher DC and improved polymerisation kinetics compared to its predecessor, PowerFill. Rapid curing is not recommended for the material without RAFT agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ma18245613 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 5613 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Polymerization kinetics Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Flexural strength Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermocycling Type: general – SubjectFull: Curing Type: general – SubjectFull: Dental materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Addition polymerization Type: general – SubjectFull: Degree of polymerization Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: New Universal Bulk-Fill Composites with Translucency Shift: Impact of Rapid Curing and Ageing on Polymerisation and Mechanical Properties. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Marovic, Danijela – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Par, Matej – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mandic, Eva – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Smiljanic, Tena – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Negovetic Mandic, Visnja – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Panduric, Vlatko – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tarle, Zrinka IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 12 Text: Dec2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961944 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 24 Titles: – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
