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All-optical data authentication using carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometers.

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Title: All-optical data authentication using carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometers.
Authors: Gayen, Dilip Kumar1 (AUTHOR) dilipgayen@cemk.ac.in, Chattopadhyay, Tanay2 (AUTHOR) tanay2222@rediffmail.com
Source: Optical & Quantum Electronics. Dec2025, Vol. 57 Issue 12, p1-28. 28p.
Subjects: Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Data integrity, Optical information processing, Information processing, Optical interferometers, Data encryption, Decoding algorithms
Abstract: Data authentication is essential for modern security systems, as it ensures the integrity and authenticity of transmitted information. This work presents a novel way to data authentication that makes use of carrier-reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers (CR-SOAs) and Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs). Utilizing CR-SOAs' special qualities to facilitate all-optical processing and optical signal amplification. The MZIs, integrated with CR-SOAs, provide the required phase modulation and signal routing for effective data authentication. In this study, we first use the SHA3-224 algorithm to convert the secured information into a fixed-size hash value. Next, we transmit the hash value using an encryption method. Using a decryption technique, we decrypt the encrypted information that was received at the receiving end. Then, we compare the decrypted information with the information that is being converted using the SHA3-224 algorithm from the original secured information. When the two values coincide, the information is regarded as genuine. On the other hand, a difference in the values suggests that the information has been altered. The operations of the circuit are theoretically described and proven through numerical simulation using Matlab. Benefits of the system include interoperability with current optical networks, minimal power consumption, and high-speed operation. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of CR-SOA-based MZIs as a feasible tool for improving data authentication in security systems. As a result, the reliability and privacy of data in essential communication infrastructures can be significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Optical & Quantum Electronics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: All-optical data authentication using carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gayen%2C+Dilip+Kumar%22">Gayen, Dilip Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dilipgayen@cemk.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chattopadhyay%2C+Tanay%22">Chattopadhyay, Tanay</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tanay2222@rediffmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Optical+%26+Quantum+Electronics%22">Optical & Quantum Electronics</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 57 Issue 12, p1-28. 28p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semiconductor+optical+amplifiers%22">Semiconductor optical amplifiers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+integrity%22">Data integrity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+information+processing%22">Optical information processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+processing%22">Information processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+interferometers%22">Optical interferometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+encryption%22">Data encryption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decoding+algorithms%22">Decoding algorithms</searchLink>
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  Data: Data authentication is essential for modern security systems, as it ensures the integrity and authenticity of transmitted information. This work presents a novel way to data authentication that makes use of carrier-reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers (CR-SOAs) and Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs). Utilizing CR-SOAs' special qualities to facilitate all-optical processing and optical signal amplification. The MZIs, integrated with CR-SOAs, provide the required phase modulation and signal routing for effective data authentication. In this study, we first use the SHA3-224 algorithm to convert the secured information into a fixed-size hash value. Next, we transmit the hash value using an encryption method. Using a decryption technique, we decrypt the encrypted information that was received at the receiving end. Then, we compare the decrypted information with the information that is being converted using the SHA3-224 algorithm from the original secured information. When the two values coincide, the information is regarded as genuine. On the other hand, a difference in the values suggests that the information has been altered. The operations of the circuit are theoretically described and proven through numerical simulation using Matlab. Benefits of the system include interoperability with current optical networks, minimal power consumption, and high-speed operation. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of CR-SOA-based MZIs as a feasible tool for improving data authentication in security systems. As a result, the reliability and privacy of data in essential communication infrastructures can be significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Optical & Quantum Electronics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11082-025-08555-9
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data integrity
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      – SubjectFull: Optical information processing
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      – SubjectFull: Information processing
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      – SubjectFull: Optical interferometers
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      – SubjectFull: Data encryption
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      – SubjectFull: Decoding algorithms
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            NameFull: Gayen, Dilip Kumar
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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