Effect of Cryo-Rolling on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy.
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| Title: | Effect of Cryo-Rolling on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Gaur, Vaibhav1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Vashishtha, Pargam2 (AUTHOR), Sahoo, Biraj Kumar1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Bandari, Ravi Kumar1,2 (AUTHOR), Das, Raj2,3 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 23, p5296. 23p. |
| Subjects: | Grain refinement, Dislocation density, Materials science, Mechanical behavior of materials, Titanium alloys, Low temperature engineering, Ductility |
| Abstract: | Ti-6Al-4V is valued for its strength-to-weight ratio in engineering applications. Cryo-rolling at sub-zero temperatures enhances strength and hardness through grain refinement and dislocation build-up. The present study investigates the role of cryo-rolling on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the alloy, which undergoes various degrees of deformation followed by heating at 900 °C for selected samples. Microstructural analysis reveals grain elongation, sub-grain formation, deformation bands, and dislocation densification with increasing thickness reduction. Twinning dominates deformation at low strain, while dislocation slips take over at high strain because of the decrease in grain size, which makes the formation of new twins progressively more challenging. No metastable phase appears during cryo-rolling or heat treatment, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Cryo-rolled samples exhibit about 45% and 29% reduction in grain size and crystallite size, and 160% intensification in dislocation density. This leads to rises of 19%, 23%, and 10% in yield strength, tensile strength, and hardness, respectively, while ductility remains nearly constant across all cryo-rolled conditions. Cryo-rolling inhibits dynamic recovery and recrystallisation, so strengthening mainly results from grain refinement and dislocation accumulation. These findings suggest that cryo-rolling can improve the strength and hardness of Ti-6Al-4V, while maintaining ductility and providing new processing insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190517445 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of Cryo-Rolling on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gaur%2C+Vaibhav%22">Gaur, Vaibhav</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vashishtha%2C+Pargam%22">Vashishtha, Pargam</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sahoo%2C+Biraj+Kumar%22">Sahoo, Biraj Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bandari%2C+Ravi+Kumar%22">Bandari, Ravi Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Das%2C+Raj%22">Das, Raj</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 23, p5296. 23p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grain+refinement%22">Grain refinement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dislocation+density%22">Dislocation density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Materials+science%22">Materials science</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+alloys%22">Titanium alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Low+temperature+engineering%22">Low temperature engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ductility%22">Ductility</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Ti-6Al-4V is valued for its strength-to-weight ratio in engineering applications. Cryo-rolling at sub-zero temperatures enhances strength and hardness through grain refinement and dislocation build-up. The present study investigates the role of cryo-rolling on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the alloy, which undergoes various degrees of deformation followed by heating at 900 °C for selected samples. Microstructural analysis reveals grain elongation, sub-grain formation, deformation bands, and dislocation densification with increasing thickness reduction. Twinning dominates deformation at low strain, while dislocation slips take over at high strain because of the decrease in grain size, which makes the formation of new twins progressively more challenging. No metastable phase appears during cryo-rolling or heat treatment, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Cryo-rolled samples exhibit about 45% and 29% reduction in grain size and crystallite size, and 160% intensification in dislocation density. This leads to rises of 19%, 23%, and 10% in yield strength, tensile strength, and hardness, respectively, while ductility remains nearly constant across all cryo-rolled conditions. Cryo-rolling inhibits dynamic recovery and recrystallisation, so strengthening mainly results from grain refinement and dislocation accumulation. These findings suggest that cryo-rolling can improve the strength and hardness of Ti-6Al-4V, while maintaining ductility and providing new processing insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ma18235296 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 23 StartPage: 5296 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Grain refinement Type: general – SubjectFull: Dislocation density Type: general – SubjectFull: Materials science Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Titanium alloys Type: general – SubjectFull: Low temperature engineering Type: general – SubjectFull: Ductility Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of Cryo-Rolling on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gaur, Vaibhav – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vashishtha, Pargam – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sahoo, Biraj Kumar – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bandari, Ravi Kumar – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Das, Raj IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961944 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 23 Titles: – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
