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Turning Fruit Seed Oils into High-Performance Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams: A Green Route to Petrochemical Polyol-Free Insulation.

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Title: Turning Fruit Seed Oils into High-Performance Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams: A Green Route to Petrochemical Polyol-Free Insulation.
Authors: Kurańska, Maria1 (AUTHOR) maria.kuranska@pk.edu.pl, Malewska, Elżbieta1,2 (AUTHOR), Barczewski, Mateusz2,3 (AUTHOR), Banaś, Joanna3,4 (AUTHOR), Put, Aleksandra1 (AUTHOR), Sędzimir, Julia1,2 (AUTHOR), Ożóg, Hubert1,3 (AUTHOR), Kowalik, Natalia1,4 (AUTHOR), Zemła, Marcin1 (AUTHOR), Kucała, Michał4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Dec2025, Vol. 18 Issue 23, p5387. 17p.
Subjects: Urethane foam, Polyols, Transesterification, Climate change mitigation, Sustainable chemistry, Renewable natural resources, Oilseed plants, Thermal insulation
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? Fruit seeds can serve as a source of raw materials for the synthesis of polyurethanes. Open-cell polyurethane foams can be produced without the use of petrochemical polyols. What are the implications of the main findings? The viscosity of oils has a significant impact on the properties of the resulting foams. Transesterification of fruit seeds enables the production of reactive hydroxyl derivatives suitable for foam synthesis. Five types of fruit seed oils have been described from the perspective of their potential use in the synthesis of biopolyols. The overall goal is to increase the participation of biopolyurethanes in polymer production, aligning with the European Green Deal. Blackcurrant, cherry, grape, pomegranate, and watermelon seed oils were characterized by iodine value, acid value, density, average molecular weight, viscosity, and fatty acid profile. The thermal properties of the oils were also determined using thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In order to obtain reactive compounds for the synthesis of biopolyols, the vegetable oils were modified using the transesterification reaction with triethanolamine. The resulting biopolyols were characterized by their hydroxyl number, acid number, density, average molar mass, and viscosity. The biopolyols were then used to produce thermal-insulating polyurethane foams by completely replacing petrochemical polyols with counterparts derived from fruit seeds. The obtained foams were described by their closed cell content, apparent density, thermal conductivity coefficient, dimensional stability, maximum stress at 10% deformation, thermal stability, oxygen index, and water absorption. In addition, an analysis of the foaming process revealed that the properties of fruit seed oil after chemical modification had an impact on the properties of the open-cell polyurethane foams and the foaming process itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Turning Fruit Seed Oils into High-Performance Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams: A Green Route to Petrochemical Polyol-Free Insulation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kurańska%2C+Maria%22">Kurańska, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> maria.kuranska@pk.edu.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malewska%2C+Elżbieta%22">Malewska, Elżbieta</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barczewski%2C+Mateusz%22">Barczewski, Mateusz</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Banaś%2C+Joanna%22">Banaś, Joanna</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Put%2C+Aleksandra%22">Put, Aleksandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sędzimir%2C+Julia%22">Sędzimir, Julia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ożóg%2C+Hubert%22">Ożóg, Hubert</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kowalik%2C+Natalia%22">Kowalik, Natalia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zemła%2C+Marcin%22">Zemła, Marcin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kucała%2C+Michał%22">Kucała, Michał</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urethane+foam%22">Urethane foam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyols%22">Polyols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transesterification%22">Transesterification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change+mitigation%22">Climate change mitigation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+chemistry%22">Sustainable chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+natural+resources%22">Renewable natural resources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oilseed+plants%22">Oilseed plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+insulation%22">Thermal insulation</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? Fruit seeds can serve as a source of raw materials for the synthesis of polyurethanes. Open-cell polyurethane foams can be produced without the use of petrochemical polyols. What are the implications of the main findings? The viscosity of oils has a significant impact on the properties of the resulting foams. Transesterification of fruit seeds enables the production of reactive hydroxyl derivatives suitable for foam synthesis. Five types of fruit seed oils have been described from the perspective of their potential use in the synthesis of biopolyols. The overall goal is to increase the participation of biopolyurethanes in polymer production, aligning with the European Green Deal. Blackcurrant, cherry, grape, pomegranate, and watermelon seed oils were characterized by iodine value, acid value, density, average molecular weight, viscosity, and fatty acid profile. The thermal properties of the oils were also determined using thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In order to obtain reactive compounds for the synthesis of biopolyols, the vegetable oils were modified using the transesterification reaction with triethanolamine. The resulting biopolyols were characterized by their hydroxyl number, acid number, density, average molar mass, and viscosity. The biopolyols were then used to produce thermal-insulating polyurethane foams by completely replacing petrochemical polyols with counterparts derived from fruit seeds. The obtained foams were described by their closed cell content, apparent density, thermal conductivity coefficient, dimensional stability, maximum stress at 10% deformation, thermal stability, oxygen index, and water absorption. In addition, an analysis of the foaming process revealed that the properties of fruit seed oil after chemical modification had an impact on the properties of the open-cell polyurethane foams and the foaming process itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma18235387
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 5387
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Urethane foam
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transesterification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate change mitigation
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Oilseed plants
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      – TitleFull: Turning Fruit Seed Oils into High-Performance Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams: A Green Route to Petrochemical Polyol-Free Insulation.
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              Text: Dec2025
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