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From Bench to Use: The Status of Gamma-Shielding Nanomaterials and the Prospects for Lead-Free Wearables.

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Title: From Bench to Use: The Status of Gamma-Shielding Nanomaterials and the Prospects for Lead-Free Wearables.
Authors: Qi, Qianhe1 (AUTHOR), He, Liangyu1,2 (AUTHOR), Ye, Hao1,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Ce1,2 (AUTHOR), Hu, Ping2,3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yong1,3 (AUTHOR) yongliu@mail.buct.edu.cn
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Dec2025, Vol. 15 Issue 23, p1799. 37p.
Subjects: Radiation protection, Space research, Sustainability, Nanostructured materials, Monte Carlo method, Wearable technology
Abstract: The rapid development of deep-space exploration and crewed missions makes efficient, lightweight, and low–secondary-radiation γ-ray protection in complex cosmic fields a critical materials challenge. Current studies still struggle to simultaneously balance attenuation efficiency, areal density and thickness, flexibility, and shielding against secondary γ rays. Compared with existing reviews that mainly focus on single matrices (especially polymers) or medical lead-based protection, this work targets γ-ray shielding under deep-space and mixed radiation environments, emphasizing multiscale structural designs (multilayer/gradient architectures, micro/nanofiller synergy, and fiber networks) for suppressing secondary γ-rays and outlining composition–structure–morphology–coupled strategies for flexible, wearable, lead-free shields. Recycling and sustainability remain key bottlenecks for practical deployment. Accordingly, this review also summarizes representative Monte Carlo simulation tools and their integration with experiments, and proposes directions for element selection, structural design, and green manufacturing to build design rules and a scale-up roadmap for next-generation lead-free γ-shielding wearables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: From Bench to Use: The Status of Gamma-Shielding Nanomaterials and the Prospects for Lead-Free Wearables.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 15 Issue 23, p1799. 37p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation+protection%22">Radiation protection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+research%22">Space research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Monte+Carlo+method%22">Monte Carlo method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wearable+technology%22">Wearable technology</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The rapid development of deep-space exploration and crewed missions makes efficient, lightweight, and low–secondary-radiation γ-ray protection in complex cosmic fields a critical materials challenge. Current studies still struggle to simultaneously balance attenuation efficiency, areal density and thickness, flexibility, and shielding against secondary γ rays. Compared with existing reviews that mainly focus on single matrices (especially polymers) or medical lead-based protection, this work targets γ-ray shielding under deep-space and mixed radiation environments, emphasizing multiscale structural designs (multilayer/gradient architectures, micro/nanofiller synergy, and fiber networks) for suppressing secondary γ-rays and outlining composition–structure–morphology–coupled strategies for flexible, wearable, lead-free shields. Recycling and sustainability remain key bottlenecks for practical deployment. Accordingly, this review also summarizes representative Monte Carlo simulation tools and their integration with experiments, and proposes directions for element selection, structural design, and green manufacturing to build design rules and a scale-up roadmap for next-generation lead-free γ-shielding wearables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano15231799
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 37
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      – SubjectFull: Radiation protection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Space research
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainability
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      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
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      – SubjectFull: Monte Carlo method
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      – SubjectFull: Wearable technology
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      – TitleFull: From Bench to Use: The Status of Gamma-Shielding Nanomaterials and the Prospects for Lead-Free Wearables.
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            NameFull: Qi, Qianhe
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            NameFull: Wang, Ce
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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