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Ultrafine-grained heterogeneous nugget zone enables enhanced mechanical properties of friction stir welded CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy.

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Title: Ultrafine-grained heterogeneous nugget zone enables enhanced mechanical properties of friction stir welded CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy.
Authors: Huang, G.Q.1 (AUTHOR) gqhuang@nuaa.edu.cn, Cheng, B.1 (AUTHOR), Hu, J.P.1 (AUTHOR), Han, X.Y.1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Z.H.1 (AUTHOR), Xu, J.1 (AUTHOR), Chou, T.H.1,2 (AUTHOR) thchou7@cityu.edu.hk, Yang, T.2 (AUTHOR), Meng, F.Q.1,3 (AUTHOR) mengfq5@mail.sysu.edu.cn, Shen, Z.K.4 (AUTHOR), Feng, X.M.1 (AUTHOR), Shen, Y.F.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials Science & Engineering: A. Jan2026, Vol. 951, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: High-entropy alloys, Friction stir welding, Ductility, Recrystallization (Metallurgy), Nanostructured materials, Cooling of water, Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: In this study, we employed water-cooling-assisted friction stir welding (FSW) to join CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA), achieving an ultrafine-grained heterogeneous structure in the nugget zone (NZ) with excellent strength–ductility synergy. Microstructural analysis indicates that grain refinement during FSW is governed by both continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX and DDRX), with water cooling promoting DDRX and inhibiting grain growth. The transition zone between the base material (BM) and NZ exhibits partial recrystallization, leading to local strengthening by grain refinement and elevated dislocation density. This heterogeneous structure enables the joint to accommodate higher local strain in the BM during tensile loading, surpassing its yield strength while retaining significant ductility due to its superior strain-hardening capacity. The water-cooling-assisted FSW joint exhibits a yield strength of ∼317 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of ∼606 MPa, and a uniform elongation of ∼53 %, achieving over 100 % joint efficiency. This simple yet effective approach offers a promising method for high-quality welding of CrMnFeCoNi HEA and potentially other FCC-based HEAs, advancing alloy joining technologies. • Water-cooling-assisted FSW was successfully applied to join CrMnFeCoNi HEA. • Ultrafine-grained heterogeneous microstructure formed in the NZ enhanced the strength-ductility synergy of joint. • Microscopic mechanisms underlying uneven deformation behavior of the joint were elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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An: 190572778
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  Data: Ultrafine-grained heterogeneous nugget zone enables enhanced mechanical properties of friction stir welded CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+G%2EQ%2E%22">Huang, G.Q.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gqhuang@nuaa.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheng%2C+B%2E%22">Cheng, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+J%2EP%2E%22">Hu, J.P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Han%2C+X%2EY%2E%22">Han, X.Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Z%2EH%2E%22">Wang, Z.H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+J%2E%22">Xu, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chou%2C+T%2EH%2E%22">Chou, T.H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> thchou7@cityu.edu.hk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+T%2E%22">Yang, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meng%2C+F%2EQ%2E%22">Meng, F.Q.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mengfq5@mail.sysu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shen%2C+Z%2EK%2E%22">Shen, Z.K.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Feng%2C+X%2EM%2E%22">Feng, X.M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shen%2C+Y%2EF%2E%22">Shen, Y.F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+Science+%26+Engineering%3A+A%22">Materials Science & Engineering: A</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 951, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High-entropy+alloys%22">High-entropy alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Friction+stir+welding%22">Friction stir welding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ductility%22">Ductility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recrystallization+%28Metallurgy%29%22">Recrystallization (Metallurgy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cooling+of+water%22">Cooling of water</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this study, we employed water-cooling-assisted friction stir welding (FSW) to join CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA), achieving an ultrafine-grained heterogeneous structure in the nugget zone (NZ) with excellent strength–ductility synergy. Microstructural analysis indicates that grain refinement during FSW is governed by both continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX and DDRX), with water cooling promoting DDRX and inhibiting grain growth. The transition zone between the base material (BM) and NZ exhibits partial recrystallization, leading to local strengthening by grain refinement and elevated dislocation density. This heterogeneous structure enables the joint to accommodate higher local strain in the BM during tensile loading, surpassing its yield strength while retaining significant ductility due to its superior strain-hardening capacity. The water-cooling-assisted FSW joint exhibits a yield strength of ∼317 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of ∼606 MPa, and a uniform elongation of ∼53 %, achieving over 100 % joint efficiency. This simple yet effective approach offers a promising method for high-quality welding of CrMnFeCoNi HEA and potentially other FCC-based HEAs, advancing alloy joining technologies. • Water-cooling-assisted FSW was successfully applied to join CrMnFeCoNi HEA. • Ultrafine-grained heterogeneous microstructure formed in the NZ enhanced the strength-ductility synergy of joint. • Microscopic mechanisms underlying uneven deformation behavior of the joint were elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.msea.2025.149581
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
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      – SubjectFull: High-entropy alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Friction stir welding
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      – SubjectFull: Ductility
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      – SubjectFull: Recrystallization (Metallurgy)
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      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
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      – SubjectFull: Cooling of water
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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              Text: Jan2026
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