Kinematics and Microphysics of Orographic Precipitation Associated with Different Background Precipitation of Typhoon Chanthu (2021).
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| Title: | Kinematics and Microphysics of Orographic Precipitation Associated with Different Background Precipitation of Typhoon Chanthu (2021). |
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| Authors: | Hosokawa, Tsubaki1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Cheng-Ku1 (AUTHOR) yuku@ntu.edu.tw |
| Source: | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. Dec2025, Vol. 82 Issue 12, p2737-2756. 20p. |
| Subjects: | Kinematics, Microphysics, Tropical cyclones, Meteorological precipitation, Radar meteorology, Rainfall, Topography, Typhoons |
| Geographic Terms: | Taiwan |
| Abstract: | This study used unique observations from ground-based traditional and polarimetric Doppler radars, a dense rain gauge network, and disdrometers to document the kinematic and microphysical characteristics of orographic precipitation over Da-Tun Mountain in northern Taiwan associated with Typhoon Chanthu (2021). Heavy precipitation occurred over Da-Tun, as it was influenced by strong low-level northerlies/northwesterlies of Chanthu's circulations and the landfall of two distinct features of tropical cyclone (TC) background precipitation: outer rainband (OR) and weak stratiform (WS) precipitation. The OR precipitation was characterized by a deep layer of upward motion from the lower to upper troposphere, favoring the active production of ice crystals and subsequent aggregation and riming processes. The WS precipitation was characterized by nearly zero vertical velocities, leading to an inactive ice-phase growth process and thus smaller drop sizes and lower concentrations below the melting level. The precipitation enhancement over Da-Tun was indicated by an increase in all polarimetric variables toward the ground below 3.5 km (MSL) for both the OR and WS stages, highlighting the dominance of collision and coalescence processes, a manifestation of the collection of upslope-lifting-generated clouds (i.e., feeder clouds) by TC background precipitation (i.e., seeder clouds). The inherent microphysical properties of the OR and WS precipitation serving as seeder clouds, combined with ambient wind conditions, were found to play a critical role in determining the degree of orographic enhancement of precipitation and explaining the different locations of observed heaviest precipitation with respect to the mountain ridge between the two stages. Significance Statement: The understanding of the detailed processes contributing to tropical cyclone (TC)-generated orographic precipitation has been limited because of a lack of detailed observations over mountainous regions and the complicated nature of preexisting TC precipitation. With unique datasets available over Da-Tun in northern Taiwan, this study explores the kinematic and microphysical characteristics of the orographic enhancement of precipitation in different TC background precipitation features. Observational analyses provide robust evidence to support the importance of the seeder–feeder process for the occurrence of heavy precipitation over Da-Tun, in which the microphysical characteristics of TC background precipitation play a crucial role in influencing the degree of orographic enhancement of precipitation. The results provide important insights into the understanding of severe orographic rainfall associated with TCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190575920 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Kinematics and Microphysics of Orographic Precipitation Associated with Different Background Precipitation of Typhoon Chanthu (2021). – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hosokawa%2C+Tsubaki%22">Hosokawa, Tsubaki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Cheng-Ku%22">Yu, Cheng-Ku</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yuku@ntu.edu.tw</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+Atmospheric+Sciences%22">Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 82 Issue 12, p2737-2756. 20p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinematics%22">Kinematics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microphysics%22">Microphysics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tropical+cyclones%22">Tropical cyclones</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meteorological+precipitation%22">Meteorological precipitation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radar+meteorology%22">Radar meteorology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall%22">Rainfall</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Topography%22">Topography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Typhoons%22">Typhoons</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Taiwan%22">Taiwan</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study used unique observations from ground-based traditional and polarimetric Doppler radars, a dense rain gauge network, and disdrometers to document the kinematic and microphysical characteristics of orographic precipitation over Da-Tun Mountain in northern Taiwan associated with Typhoon Chanthu (2021). Heavy precipitation occurred over Da-Tun, as it was influenced by strong low-level northerlies/northwesterlies of Chanthu's circulations and the landfall of two distinct features of tropical cyclone (TC) background precipitation: outer rainband (OR) and weak stratiform (WS) precipitation. The OR precipitation was characterized by a deep layer of upward motion from the lower to upper troposphere, favoring the active production of ice crystals and subsequent aggregation and riming processes. The WS precipitation was characterized by nearly zero vertical velocities, leading to an inactive ice-phase growth process and thus smaller drop sizes and lower concentrations below the melting level. The precipitation enhancement over Da-Tun was indicated by an increase in all polarimetric variables toward the ground below 3.5 km (MSL) for both the OR and WS stages, highlighting the dominance of collision and coalescence processes, a manifestation of the collection of upslope-lifting-generated clouds (i.e., feeder clouds) by TC background precipitation (i.e., seeder clouds). The inherent microphysical properties of the OR and WS precipitation serving as seeder clouds, combined with ambient wind conditions, were found to play a critical role in determining the degree of orographic enhancement of precipitation and explaining the different locations of observed heaviest precipitation with respect to the mountain ridge between the two stages. Significance Statement: The understanding of the detailed processes contributing to tropical cyclone (TC)-generated orographic precipitation has been limited because of a lack of detailed observations over mountainous regions and the complicated nature of preexisting TC precipitation. With unique datasets available over Da-Tun in northern Taiwan, this study explores the kinematic and microphysical characteristics of the orographic enhancement of precipitation in different TC background precipitation features. Observational analyses provide robust evidence to support the importance of the seeder–feeder process for the occurrence of heavy precipitation over Da-Tun, in which the microphysical characteristics of TC background precipitation play a crucial role in influencing the degree of orographic enhancement of precipitation. The results provide important insights into the understanding of severe orographic rainfall associated with TCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1175/JAS-D-25-0022.1 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 20 StartPage: 2737 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Kinematics Type: general – SubjectFull: Microphysics Type: general – SubjectFull: Tropical cyclones Type: general – SubjectFull: Meteorological precipitation Type: general – SubjectFull: Radar meteorology Type: general – SubjectFull: Rainfall Type: general – SubjectFull: Topography Type: general – SubjectFull: Typhoons Type: general – SubjectFull: Taiwan Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Kinematics and Microphysics of Orographic Precipitation Associated with Different Background Precipitation of Typhoon Chanthu (2021). Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hosokawa, Tsubaki – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yu, Cheng-Ku IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Text: Dec2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00224928 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 82 – Type: issue Value: 12 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
