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Fungal communities driven by Rhododendron species correlate with pathogen protection against Phytophthora cinnamomi.

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Title: Fungal communities driven by Rhododendron species correlate with pathogen protection against Phytophthora cinnamomi.
Authors: Ahmad, Saliha1 (AUTHOR) sxa1192@case.edu, Burke, David J.2 (AUTHOR), Carrino-Kyker, Sarah R.2 (AUTHOR), Medeiros, Juliana S.2 (AUTHOR), Burns, Jean H.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Plant & Soil. Nov2025, Vol. 516 Issue 2, p2051-2062. 12p.
Subjects: Fungal communities, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Rhododendrons, Immunity, Soils, Trichoderma, Soil microbial ecology, Plant health
Abstract: Background and aims: Plant interactions with soil microbial communities are critical for understanding plant health, improving horticultural and agricultural outcomes, and maintaining diverse natural communities. In some cases, disease suppressive soils enhance plant survival in the presence of pathogens. However, species-specific differences and seasonal variation complicate our understanding of the drivers of soil fungal communities and their consequences for plants. Here, we aim to describe soil fungal communities across Rhododendron species and seasons as well as the test for fungal indicators of Rhododendron species in the soil. Further, we test possible mechanisms governing disease suppressive soils to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Variation in disease susceptibility to this pathogen across species and clades allows us to test for possible fungal drivers of disease suppressive soils. Methods: We conducted high throughput sequencing of the fungal communities found in soil collected under 14 Rhododendron species and across 2 seasons (April, October) at two sites in Ohio, USA. Phylogenetic analyses were used to ask whether fungal community composition correlated with increased plant survival with the addition of whole soil communities from a prior greenhouse experiment. Results: Effects of Rhododendron species (R2 = 0.13), season (R2 = 0.01) and their interaction on fungal communities (R2 = 0.11) were statistically significant. Fungal community composition negatively correlated with survival following exposure to whole soil microbial communities, though this result depended on the presence of R. minus. Forty-five Trichoderma taxa were identified across our soil samples, and some Trichoderma were significantly associated with particular Rhododendron species (e.g. Trichoderma atroviride was associated with R. molle) in indicator species analyses. Conclusion: The correlation between plant responses to soil biotic communities and fungal community composition, as well as the presence of potential beneficial taxa such as Trichoderma and mycorrhizal fungi, are consistent with fungal-mediated survival benefits from the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Plant & Soil is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fungal communities driven by Rhododendron species correlate with pathogen protection against Phytophthora cinnamomi.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmad%2C+Saliha%22">Ahmad, Saliha</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sxa1192@case.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burke%2C+David+J%2E%22">Burke, David J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carrino-Kyker%2C+Sarah+R%2E%22">Carrino-Kyker, Sarah R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Medeiros%2C+Juliana+S%2E%22">Medeiros, Juliana S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burns%2C+Jean+H%2E%22">Burns, Jean H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Plant+%26+Soil%22">Plant & Soil</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 516 Issue 2, p2051-2062. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fungal+communities%22">Fungal communities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phytophthora+cinnamomi%22">Phytophthora cinnamomi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rhododendrons%22">Rhododendrons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immunity%22">Immunity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soils%22">Soils</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trichoderma%22">Trichoderma</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+microbial+ecology%22">Soil microbial ecology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+health%22">Plant health</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background and aims: Plant interactions with soil microbial communities are critical for understanding plant health, improving horticultural and agricultural outcomes, and maintaining diverse natural communities. In some cases, disease suppressive soils enhance plant survival in the presence of pathogens. However, species-specific differences and seasonal variation complicate our understanding of the drivers of soil fungal communities and their consequences for plants. Here, we aim to describe soil fungal communities across Rhododendron species and seasons as well as the test for fungal indicators of Rhododendron species in the soil. Further, we test possible mechanisms governing disease suppressive soils to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Variation in disease susceptibility to this pathogen across species and clades allows us to test for possible fungal drivers of disease suppressive soils. Methods: We conducted high throughput sequencing of the fungal communities found in soil collected under 14 Rhododendron species and across 2 seasons (April, October) at two sites in Ohio, USA. Phylogenetic analyses were used to ask whether fungal community composition correlated with increased plant survival with the addition of whole soil communities from a prior greenhouse experiment. Results: Effects of Rhododendron species (R2 = 0.13), season (R2 = 0.01) and their interaction on fungal communities (R2 = 0.11) were statistically significant. Fungal community composition negatively correlated with survival following exposure to whole soil microbial communities, though this result depended on the presence of R. minus. Forty-five Trichoderma taxa were identified across our soil samples, and some Trichoderma were significantly associated with particular Rhododendron species (e.g. Trichoderma atroviride was associated with R. molle) in indicator species analyses. Conclusion: The correlation between plant responses to soil biotic communities and fungal community composition, as well as the presence of potential beneficial taxa such as Trichoderma and mycorrhizal fungi, are consistent with fungal-mediated survival benefits from the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Plant & Soil is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11104-025-07847-z
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 2051
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fungal communities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phytophthora cinnamomi
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rhododendrons
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      – SubjectFull: Immunity
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      – SubjectFull: Soils
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      – SubjectFull: Trichoderma
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      – SubjectFull: Soil microbial ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant health
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Fungal communities driven by Rhododendron species correlate with pathogen protection against Phytophthora cinnamomi.
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              Text: Nov2025
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