View in EDS

A novel ignition model for low velocity impact of heterogeneous explosives based on interacting hot spots.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: A novel ignition model for low velocity impact of heterogeneous explosives based on interacting hot spots.
Authors: Long, Alan1 (AUTHOR), Ma, Xia1 (AUTHOR), Petsev, Nikolai1 (AUTHOR), Clements, Brad1 (AUTHOR) bclements@lanl.gov
Source: Combustion & Flame. Feb2026, Vol. 284, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Explosives analysis, Heat conduction, Ignition temperature, Impact (Mechanics), Numerical solutions to equations, Combustion engineering
Abstract: While numerous studies have focused on the ignition of explosives occurring in high velocity impact and the associated shock-to-detonation transition, there has been growing interest in developing computational models focused on low-velocity impact regimes. A predictive low-velocity impact ignition model will be important for analyzing high explosive safety and potential accident scenarios. This work introduces a novel ignition model based on the concept of thermally interacting hot spots to simulate low velocity impacted heterogeneous explosives where observed ignition times are on the order of milliseconds. The model asserts that relevant hot spots are micron-sized, the typical separation between neighboring hot spots is on the order of a hundred microns, and that neighbors interact thermally through heat conduction across the interstitial region between them. To achieve tractable numerical solutions, hot spots are assumed to form a periodic array as opposed to the highly irregular positioning in an actual explosive. This idealization allows a single two hotspot system to characterize the ignition process. Consequently, the model is referred to as the two hot spot Frank-Kamenetskii ignition model. In the present study, hot spots are modeled as constant heat sources terms, but this can be extended to include grain-scale phenomena like frictional heating of micron-sized growing cracks that are confined under high pressure. Because the micron-sized features are below the scale that can be efficiently resolved at a systems level, an efficient subscale scheme based on the Method of Weighted Residuals (MWR) is used to efficiently solve the equations. We carry out numerical examples and analytic predictions illustrating the accuracy and the functioning of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 190695387
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A novel ignition model for low velocity impact of heterogeneous explosives based on interacting hot spots.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Long%2C+Alan%22">Long, Alan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Xia%22">Ma, Xia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petsev%2C+Nikolai%22">Petsev, Nikolai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clements%2C+Brad%22">Clements, Brad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bclements@lanl.gov</i>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Combustion+%26+Flame%22">Combustion & Flame</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 284, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Explosives+analysis%22">Explosives analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+conduction%22">Heat conduction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ignition+temperature%22">Ignition temperature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impact+%28Mechanics%29%22">Impact (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+solutions+to+equations%22">Numerical solutions to equations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Combustion+engineering%22">Combustion engineering</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: While numerous studies have focused on the ignition of explosives occurring in high velocity impact and the associated shock-to-detonation transition, there has been growing interest in developing computational models focused on low-velocity impact regimes. A predictive low-velocity impact ignition model will be important for analyzing high explosive safety and potential accident scenarios. This work introduces a novel ignition model based on the concept of thermally interacting hot spots to simulate low velocity impacted heterogeneous explosives where observed ignition times are on the order of milliseconds. The model asserts that relevant hot spots are micron-sized, the typical separation between neighboring hot spots is on the order of a hundred microns, and that neighbors interact thermally through heat conduction across the interstitial region between them. To achieve tractable numerical solutions, hot spots are assumed to form a periodic array as opposed to the highly irregular positioning in an actual explosive. This idealization allows a single two hotspot system to characterize the ignition process. Consequently, the model is referred to as the two hot spot Frank-Kamenetskii ignition model. In the present study, hot spots are modeled as constant heat sources terms, but this can be extended to include grain-scale phenomena like frictional heating of micron-sized growing cracks that are confined under high pressure. Because the micron-sized features are below the scale that can be efficiently resolved at a systems level, an efficient subscale scheme based on the Method of Weighted Residuals (MWR) is used to efficiently solve the equations. We carry out numerical examples and analytic predictions illustrating the accuracy and the functioning of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=190695387
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114669
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Explosives analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat conduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ignition temperature
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Impact (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical solutions to equations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion engineering
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A novel ignition model for low velocity impact of heterogeneous explosives based on interacting hot spots.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Long, Alan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ma, Xia
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Petsev, Nikolai
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Clements, Brad
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00102180
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 284
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Combustion & Flame
              Type: main
ResultId 1