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Development of arrival‐time diagnostic tool for X‐ray pump–probe experiments at Shanghai Soft X‐ray Free Electron Laser.

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Title: Development of arrival‐time diagnostic tool for X‐ray pump–probe experiments at Shanghai Soft X‐ray Free Electron Laser.
Authors: Qiao, Zhi1 (AUTHOR), Fan, Jiadong1 (AUTHOR), Gao, Zichen1 (AUTHOR), Nie, Yonggan1 (AUTHOR), Wen, Pingping1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Xinyuan1 (AUTHOR), Yan, Kun1 (AUTHOR), Ren, Hang1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Boyong1 (AUTHOR), Jiang, Jiaming1 (AUTHOR), Shen, Yuneng1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yongxing1 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Wenjing1 (AUTHOR), Shu, Guan2 (AUTHOR), Xue, Chaofan2 (AUTHOR), Guo, Zhi2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zipeng2 (AUTHOR), Yang, Hanxiang2 (AUTHOR), Qi, Zheng2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Kaiqing2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. Jan2026, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p44-51. 8p.
Subjects: Free electron lasers, Pump probe spectroscopy, Spectrum analysis, Three-dimensional imaging, Physical measurements
Abstract: X‐ray free electron lasers (XFELs) serve as advanced light sources and have become essential for investigating ultrafast dynamic phenomena in physics and materials with extraordinary resolution. Owing to the XFEL's ultrafast characteristics and short wavelengths, an arrival‐timing tool is crucial for pump–probe experiments. To address this, we have developed a timing diagnostic tool employing both spectral‐encoding and spatial‐imaging methods at the SBP beamline for the newly constructed Shanghai Soft X‐ray Free Electron Laser Facility (SXFEL). This timing tool was experimentally validated, proving that the spectral‐encoding technique could achieve single‐pulse measurement with an accuracy of under 40 fs [root mean square (RMS)], and exhibited a timing‐jitter measurement of 90.3 fs (RMS) at the CSI endstation of SXFEL. Furthermore, the spatial‐imaging approach used both polished‐ and rough‐surface GaAs crystals, which simplifies implementation in X‐ray pump–probe experiments, and allows for the characterization of X‐ray pulse arrival times at the endstation without rotating the sample stage. These findings confirm that the timing diagnostic tool provides dependable high‐precision temporal characterization of X‐ray pulses at SXFEL, facilitating high‐accuracy X‐ray pump–probe experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Development of arrival‐time diagnostic tool for X‐ray pump–probe experiments at Shanghai Soft X‐ray Free Electron Laser.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qiao%2C+Zhi%22">Qiao, Zhi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fan%2C+Jiadong%22">Fan, Jiadong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Zichen%22">Gao, Zichen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nie%2C+Yonggan%22">Nie, Yonggan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wen%2C+Pingping%22">Wen, Pingping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xinyuan%22">Wang, Xinyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Kun%22">Yan, Kun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ren%2C+Hang%22">Ren, Hang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Boyong%22">Wang, Boyong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Jiaming%22">Jiang, Jiaming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shen%2C+Yuneng%22">Shen, Yuneng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yongxing%22">Zhang, Yongxing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Wenjing%22">Zhu, Wenjing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shu%2C+Guan%22">Shu, Guan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xue%2C+Chaofan%22">Xue, Chaofan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Zhi%22">Guo, Zhi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zipeng%22">Liu, Zipeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Hanxiang%22">Yang, Hanxiang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qi%2C+Zheng%22">Qi, Zheng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Kaiqing%22">Zhang, Kaiqing</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Synchrotron+Radiation%22">Journal of Synchrotron Radiation</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p44-51. 8p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Free+electron+lasers%22">Free electron lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pump+probe+spectroscopy%22">Pump probe spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spectrum+analysis%22">Spectrum analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Three-dimensional+imaging%22">Three-dimensional imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+measurements%22">Physical measurements</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: X‐ray free electron lasers (XFELs) serve as advanced light sources and have become essential for investigating ultrafast dynamic phenomena in physics and materials with extraordinary resolution. Owing to the XFEL's ultrafast characteristics and short wavelengths, an arrival‐timing tool is crucial for pump–probe experiments. To address this, we have developed a timing diagnostic tool employing both spectral‐encoding and spatial‐imaging methods at the SBP beamline for the newly constructed Shanghai Soft X‐ray Free Electron Laser Facility (SXFEL). This timing tool was experimentally validated, proving that the spectral‐encoding technique could achieve single‐pulse measurement with an accuracy of under 40 fs [root mean square (RMS)], and exhibited a timing‐jitter measurement of 90.3 fs (RMS) at the CSI endstation of SXFEL. Furthermore, the spatial‐imaging approach used both polished‐ and rough‐surface GaAs crystals, which simplifies implementation in X‐ray pump–probe experiments, and allows for the characterization of X‐ray pulse arrival times at the endstation without rotating the sample stage. These findings confirm that the timing diagnostic tool provides dependable high‐precision temporal characterization of X‐ray pulses at SXFEL, facilitating high‐accuracy X‐ray pump–probe experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Synchrotron Radiation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1107/S1600577525010653
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 44
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      – SubjectFull: Free electron lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pump probe spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spectrum analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Physical measurements
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      – TitleFull: Development of arrival‐time diagnostic tool for X‐ray pump–probe experiments at Shanghai Soft X‐ray Free Electron Laser.
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              Text: Jan2026
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