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Fractionated Anionic PAM Dosing Under High Salinity: Controlling Floc Growth and Stability.

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Title: Fractionated Anionic PAM Dosing Under High Salinity: Controlling Floc Growth and Stability.
Authors: Ramos, Jahir1 (AUTHOR), Piceros, Eder2 (AUTHOR), Medina, Tiare D.3 (AUTHOR), Robles, Pedro4 (AUTHOR), Quezada, Gonzalo R.5 (AUTHOR), Leiva, Williams6 (AUTHOR), Jeldres, Ricardo I.1,7 (AUTHOR) ricardo.jeldres@uantof.cl
Source: Polymers (20734360). Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p50. 19p.
Subjects: Polyacrylamide, Sedimentation analysis, Salinity, Sedimentation & deposition, Colloid analysis
Abstract: The use of seawater in mineral processing poses significant challenges for solid–liquid separation, including polymer chain contraction, accelerated coagulation, and brittle aggregate formation. This study evaluates the impact of fractional dosing of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on the formation, structure, and sedimentation performance of flocs in quartz-kaolinite suspensions prepared in seawater. Four dosing schemes (1, 2, 3, and 4 pulses) were analyzed, maintaining a total dose of 15 g/t and flocculation times of 75, 90, and 105 s. Sedimentation assays, kinetic monitoring using FBRM, size distributions, fractal dimensions, and bulk density were integrated to characterize the aggregation process. The results show that all fractional strategies outperform single-pulse dosing, with the three-pulse scheme (0–30–60 s) standing out, achieving the highest settling rates, the most significant fines reduction, and the best structural robustness. FBRM kinetics reveal stepped growth, less shear breakage, and more stable maturation when polymer addition is divided temporally. Consistently, fractal dimension and aggregate density reach their maximum values after three 90 s pulses, indicating more compact, less porous structures. Zeta potential analysis confirms a strong polymer-particle interaction in kaolinite under high salinity. The superior performance of the multi-pulse strategy is explained by the progressive availability of active polymer segments during aggregate formation and maturation. Each pulse is incorporated into a partially structured suspension, in which unoccupied mineral surfaces and flocs from the early stages of consolidation still exist. This staggered adsorption avoids local overdosing associated with flash injections, improves bridging efficiency, reduces brittle aggregate formation, and promotes more uniform restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fractionated Anionic PAM Dosing Under High Salinity: Controlling Floc Growth and Stability.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p50. 19p.
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  Data: The use of seawater in mineral processing poses significant challenges for solid–liquid separation, including polymer chain contraction, accelerated coagulation, and brittle aggregate formation. This study evaluates the impact of fractional dosing of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on the formation, structure, and sedimentation performance of flocs in quartz-kaolinite suspensions prepared in seawater. Four dosing schemes (1, 2, 3, and 4 pulses) were analyzed, maintaining a total dose of 15 g/t and flocculation times of 75, 90, and 105 s. Sedimentation assays, kinetic monitoring using FBRM, size distributions, fractal dimensions, and bulk density were integrated to characterize the aggregation process. The results show that all fractional strategies outperform single-pulse dosing, with the three-pulse scheme (0–30–60 s) standing out, achieving the highest settling rates, the most significant fines reduction, and the best structural robustness. FBRM kinetics reveal stepped growth, less shear breakage, and more stable maturation when polymer addition is divided temporally. Consistently, fractal dimension and aggregate density reach their maximum values after three 90 s pulses, indicating more compact, less porous structures. Zeta potential analysis confirms a strong polymer-particle interaction in kaolinite under high salinity. The superior performance of the multi-pulse strategy is explained by the progressive availability of active polymer segments during aggregate formation and maturation. Each pulse is incorporated into a partially structured suspension, in which unoccupied mineral surfaces and flocs from the early stages of consolidation still exist. This staggered adsorption avoids local overdosing associated with flash injections, improves bridging efficiency, reduces brittle aggregate formation, and promotes more uniform restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18010050
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 50
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      – SubjectFull: Polyacrylamide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sedimentation analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Salinity
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      – SubjectFull: Sedimentation & deposition
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      – SubjectFull: Colloid analysis
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      – TitleFull: Fractionated Anionic PAM Dosing Under High Salinity: Controlling Floc Growth and Stability.
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            NameFull: Ramos, Jahir
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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