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Pine Bark as a Lignocellulosic Resource for Polyurethane Production: An Evaluation.

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Title: Pine Bark as a Lignocellulosic Resource for Polyurethane Production: An Evaluation.
Authors: Arshanitsa, Alexander1 (AUTHOR) arshanica@edi.lv, Pals, Matiss1 (AUTHOR), Vjalikova, Alexandra1 (AUTHOR), Vevere, Laima1 (AUTHOR), Bikovens, Oskars1 (AUTHOR), Jashina, Lilija1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p96. 27p.
Subjects: Polyurethanes, Polyols, Pine, Lignocellulose, Flammability, Mechanical behavior of materials, Foam, Thermal insulation
Abstract: This study explores the potential of pine bark—a highly accessible and underexploited by-product of forestry and food processing—as a renewable raw material for rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam production. Under optimal extraction conditions, water-soluble extractives rich in carbohydrates were isolated from biomass with a yield of 25% and subsequently condensed with propylene carbonate (PC) to produce bio-based polyols. The polyols synthesized at a PC/OH molar ratio ranging from 1 to 5 were incorporated into rigid PUR foam formulations as substitutes for commercial polyether polyols. The foams containing bio-polyols synthesized at a PC/OH ratio of 3 demonstrated the highest compressive strength and thermal insulation performance, exceeding those of the reference material by 30% and 9%, respectively, and exhibited enhanced thermo-oxidative stability. Incorporation of extracted bark up to 10 wt% as a filler in the PUR matrix led to a decrease in mechanical properties to the level of the reference foam and a 19% reduction in thermal insulation capacity, without affecting the closed-cell content. Cone calorimetry revealed that both filled and unfilled bio-polyol-based PUR foams exhibited lower degradation rate, heat release rate, and total smoke release compared with the reference material, indicating reduced flammability and a lower tendency toward fire propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 190786187
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Pine Bark as a Lignocellulosic Resource for Polyurethane Production: An Evaluation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arshanitsa%2C+Alexander%22">Arshanitsa, Alexander</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> arshanica@edi.lv</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pals%2C+Matiss%22">Pals, Matiss</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vjalikova%2C+Alexandra%22">Vjalikova, Alexandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vevere%2C+Laima%22">Vevere, Laima</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bikovens%2C+Oskars%22">Bikovens, Oskars</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jashina%2C+Lilija%22">Jashina, Lilija</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p96. 27p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyurethanes%22">Polyurethanes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyols%22">Polyols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pine%22">Pine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lignocellulose%22">Lignocellulose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flammability%22">Flammability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foam%22">Foam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+insulation%22">Thermal insulation</searchLink>
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  Data: This study explores the potential of pine bark—a highly accessible and underexploited by-product of forestry and food processing—as a renewable raw material for rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam production. Under optimal extraction conditions, water-soluble extractives rich in carbohydrates were isolated from biomass with a yield of 25% and subsequently condensed with propylene carbonate (PC) to produce bio-based polyols. The polyols synthesized at a PC/OH molar ratio ranging from 1 to 5 were incorporated into rigid PUR foam formulations as substitutes for commercial polyether polyols. The foams containing bio-polyols synthesized at a PC/OH ratio of 3 demonstrated the highest compressive strength and thermal insulation performance, exceeding those of the reference material by 30% and 9%, respectively, and exhibited enhanced thermo-oxidative stability. Incorporation of extracted bark up to 10 wt% as a filler in the PUR matrix led to a decrease in mechanical properties to the level of the reference foam and a 19% reduction in thermal insulation capacity, without affecting the closed-cell content. Cone calorimetry revealed that both filled and unfilled bio-polyol-based PUR foams exhibited lower degradation rate, heat release rate, and total smoke release compared with the reference material, indicating reduced flammability and a lower tendency toward fire propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18010096
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 27
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      – SubjectFull: Polyurethanes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lignocellulose
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flammability
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Foam
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal insulation
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Pine Bark as a Lignocellulosic Resource for Polyurethane Production: An Evaluation.
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              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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