Direct Solid-State Polymerization of Highly Aliphatic PA 1212 Salt: Critical Parameters and Reaction Mechanism Investigation Under Different Reactor Designs.
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| Title: | Direct Solid-State Polymerization of Highly Aliphatic PA 1212 Salt: Critical Parameters and Reaction Mechanism Investigation Under Different Reactor Designs. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Mytara, Angeliki D.1 (AUTHOR), Porfyris, Athanasios D.1,2 (AUTHOR), Papaspyrides, Constantine D.1 (AUTHOR) kp@cs.ntua.gr |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p101. 21p. |
| Subjects: | Polymerization, Polyamides, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Hydrophobic interactions, Phase transitions, Scanning electron microscopy, Chemical reactors |
| Abstract: | The present work aims to synthesize polyamide 1212 (PA 1212) via direct solid-state polymerization (DSSP), starting from its solid salt precursor. The DSSP of aliphatic polyamide salts has been found to proceed through melt intermediates, in harmony with the well-documented solid-melt transition (SMT) mechanism. However, PA 1212 salt is anticipated to deviate from this model due to its strongly hydrophobic nature. The reaction was initially investigated at the microscale in a thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) chamber and then scaled up to the laboratory scale. The influence of reactor design, reaction temperature, and residence time was examined. DSSP products were characterized in terms of molecular size and morphological properties. At the same time, a novel protocol was developed for qualitatively monitoring the progress of polymerization via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Refraction (FTIR-ATR) analysis. Emphasis was given on the resulting morphology examined via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM imaging). Although DSSP has been found to proceed through a quasi-SMT, significant differences are observed compared to the classical mechanism established in the literature. This paper reveals that the limited surface softening or agglomeration phenomena encountered are mostly associated with the hydrophobic structure of the PA 1212 salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190786192 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Direct Solid-State Polymerization of Highly Aliphatic PA 1212 Salt: Critical Parameters and Reaction Mechanism Investigation Under Different Reactor Designs. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mytara%2C+Angeliki+D%2E%22">Mytara, Angeliki D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Porfyris%2C+Athanasios+D%2E%22">Porfyris, Athanasios D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Papaspyrides%2C+Constantine+D%2E%22">Papaspyrides, Constantine D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kp@cs.ntua.gr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p101. 21p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymerization%22">Polymerization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyamides%22">Polyamides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fourier+transform+infrared+spectroscopy%22">Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrophobic+interactions%22">Hydrophobic interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+reactors%22">Chemical reactors</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The present work aims to synthesize polyamide 1212 (PA 1212) via direct solid-state polymerization (DSSP), starting from its solid salt precursor. The DSSP of aliphatic polyamide salts has been found to proceed through melt intermediates, in harmony with the well-documented solid-melt transition (SMT) mechanism. However, PA 1212 salt is anticipated to deviate from this model due to its strongly hydrophobic nature. The reaction was initially investigated at the microscale in a thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) chamber and then scaled up to the laboratory scale. The influence of reactor design, reaction temperature, and residence time was examined. DSSP products were characterized in terms of molecular size and morphological properties. At the same time, a novel protocol was developed for qualitatively monitoring the progress of polymerization via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Refraction (FTIR-ATR) analysis. Emphasis was given on the resulting morphology examined via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM imaging). Although DSSP has been found to proceed through a quasi-SMT, significant differences are observed compared to the classical mechanism established in the literature. This paper reveals that the limited surface softening or agglomeration phenomena encountered are mostly associated with the hydrophobic structure of the PA 1212 salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym18010101 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 21 StartPage: 101 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Polymerization Type: general – SubjectFull: Polyamides Type: general – SubjectFull: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydrophobic interactions Type: general – SubjectFull: Phase transitions Type: general – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical reactors Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Direct Solid-State Polymerization of Highly Aliphatic PA 1212 Salt: Critical Parameters and Reaction Mechanism Investigation Under Different Reactor Designs. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mytara, Angeliki D. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Porfyris, Athanasios D. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Papaspyrides, Constantine D. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Text: Jan2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
