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Polymer Crosslinked Activated Carbon Pellets for Dye Adsorption.

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Title: Polymer Crosslinked Activated Carbon Pellets for Dye Adsorption.
Authors: Hadi, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR), Yoon, Sungho1 (AUTHOR) sunghoyoon@cau.ac.kr
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jan2026, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p155. 17p.
Subjects: Activated carbon, Pelletizing, Durability, Water purification, Crosslinking (Polymerization), Polymers, Color removal (Sewage purification), Green technology
Abstract: The use of activated carbon (AC) in environmental applications, particularly for water and air purification, is highly valued due to its excellent microstructural and adsorption properties. However, its powdered form presents significant challenges in industrial applications, such as difficulty in handling and potential environmental risks due to its tendency to disperse easily. To overcome these issues, converting activated carbon into a more industrially viable form, such as pellets, is crucial. In this study, pelletizing AC within a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol–diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (PVA–DGEBA) matrix enabled the production of structurally stable cylindrical pellets through the formation of a robust three-dimensional polymeric network. This approach required minimal binder usage and facilitated processing at relatively low temperatures, effectively overcoming common disintegration issues associated with traditional pelletization methods reliant on linear polymer binders and compression-based techniques. The resulting pellets exhibited methylene blue (MB) adsorption (q max ~14.8 mg/g of pellet), which is about 50% of the initial AC's adsorption capability, and retained structural integrity across multiple aqueous cycles. They also remained stable in methanol, ethanol and acetone by showing no observable disintegration, which highlights their excellent stability. Comprehensive characterizations, including hardness tests, swelling behavior, and various structural evaluations, revealed a mechanical strength of 3.37 ± 0.46 MPa and an adsorption volume of ~250 cm3/g through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, confirming effective crosslinking and the adsorption capabilities of the pellets. This eco-friendly and stable pelletization strategy demonstrated great potential for low-temperature pelletizing of AC, ensuring advanced applications in wastewater treatment even under pressurized conditions, presenting a significant improvement over the traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Polymer Crosslinked Activated Carbon Pellets for Dye Adsorption.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hadi%2C+Muhammad%22">Hadi, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoon%2C+Sungho%22">Yoon, Sungho</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sunghoyoon@cau.ac.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p155. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Activated+carbon%22">Activated carbon</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pelletizing%22">Pelletizing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Durability%22">Durability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+purification%22">Water purification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crosslinking+%28Polymerization%29%22">Crosslinking (Polymerization)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymers%22">Polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Color+removal+%28Sewage+purification%29%22">Color removal (Sewage purification)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Green+technology%22">Green technology</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The use of activated carbon (AC) in environmental applications, particularly for water and air purification, is highly valued due to its excellent microstructural and adsorption properties. However, its powdered form presents significant challenges in industrial applications, such as difficulty in handling and potential environmental risks due to its tendency to disperse easily. To overcome these issues, converting activated carbon into a more industrially viable form, such as pellets, is crucial. In this study, pelletizing AC within a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol–diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (PVA–DGEBA) matrix enabled the production of structurally stable cylindrical pellets through the formation of a robust three-dimensional polymeric network. This approach required minimal binder usage and facilitated processing at relatively low temperatures, effectively overcoming common disintegration issues associated with traditional pelletization methods reliant on linear polymer binders and compression-based techniques. The resulting pellets exhibited methylene blue (MB) adsorption (q max ~14.8 mg/g of pellet), which is about 50% of the initial AC's adsorption capability, and retained structural integrity across multiple aqueous cycles. They also remained stable in methanol, ethanol and acetone by showing no observable disintegration, which highlights their excellent stability. Comprehensive characterizations, including hardness tests, swelling behavior, and various structural evaluations, revealed a mechanical strength of 3.37 ± 0.46 MPa and an adsorption volume of ~250 cm3/g through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, confirming effective crosslinking and the adsorption capabilities of the pellets. This eco-friendly and stable pelletization strategy demonstrated great potential for low-temperature pelletizing of AC, ensuring advanced applications in wastewater treatment even under pressurized conditions, presenting a significant improvement over the traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19010155
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Activated carbon
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pelletizing
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      – SubjectFull: Durability
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      – SubjectFull: Water purification
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      – SubjectFull: Crosslinking (Polymerization)
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      – SubjectFull: Polymers
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      – SubjectFull: Color removal (Sewage purification)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Green technology
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      – TitleFull: Polymer Crosslinked Activated Carbon Pellets for Dye Adsorption.
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            NameFull: Hadi, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Yoon, Sungho
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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