Impact of simultaneous exposure to RF and gradient electromagnetic fields on implant MR safety labeling.
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| Title: | Impact of simultaneous exposure to RF and gradient electromagnetic fields on implant MR safety labeling. |
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| Authors: | Zanovello, Umberto1 (AUTHOR) u.zanovello@inrim.it, Arduino, Alessandro1 (AUTHOR), Fuss, Carina2 (AUTHOR), Goren, Tolga2 (AUTHOR), Zilberti, Luca1 (AUTHOR), Bottauscio, Oriano1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Jan2026, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p601-612. 12p. |
| Subjects: | Electromagnetic fields, Magnetic resonance imaging, Artificial implants, ASTM International (Company), Biological models |
| Abstract: | Purpose: To investigate whether heating contributions produced by radiofrequency (RF) and gradient fields superpose sufficiently at the worst‐case locations to justify their simultaneous consideration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) implant safety labeling. Theory and Methods: Six implant models were positioned in an ASTM phantom and realistically implanted in two anatomical human models, and exposed to gradient and RF fields at 64 MHz and 128 MHz. The simulations with the anatomical body models considered different axial exposure landmarks inside the RF and gradient body coils. The exposures were scaled to represent two sets of scenarios: either limited by the implant's MR conditional labeling to a fixed peak temperature rise, or representing an EPI or TrueFISP examination with clinically relevant parameters, where the implant label is not limiting. Results: The temperature enhancement due to the combined RF and gradient sources, evaluated with respect to the maximum values obtained separately, depends on the implant, pulse sequence, and exposure landmark. A maximum relative enhancement of about 65% was found in the ASTM phantom, and maximum absolute enhancements above 0.3 K were found in anatomical models with realistic pulse sequences. Conclusion: There are clinically relevant MR examination scenarios where the maximum heating contributions produced by RF and gradient fields combine, enhancing the local peak temperature increase beyond that obtained from either assessment alone. The results prove to be useful for defining safety margins on the maximum allowable temperature increase, avoiding the requirement of a combined gradient coil and RF test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 190791916 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Impact of simultaneous exposure to RF and gradient electromagnetic fields on implant MR safety labeling. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zanovello%2C+Umberto%22">Zanovello, Umberto</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> u.zanovello@inrim.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arduino%2C+Alessandro%22">Arduino, Alessandro</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fuss%2C+Carina%22">Fuss, Carina</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goren%2C+Tolga%22">Goren, Tolga</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zilberti%2C+Luca%22">Zilberti, Luca</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bottauscio%2C+Oriano%22">Bottauscio, Oriano</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p601-612. 12p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+fields%22">Electromagnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+implants%22">Artificial implants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ASTM+International+%28Company%29%22">ASTM International (Company)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+models%22">Biological models</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: To investigate whether heating contributions produced by radiofrequency (RF) and gradient fields superpose sufficiently at the worst‐case locations to justify their simultaneous consideration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) implant safety labeling. Theory and Methods: Six implant models were positioned in an ASTM phantom and realistically implanted in two anatomical human models, and exposed to gradient and RF fields at 64 MHz and 128 MHz. The simulations with the anatomical body models considered different axial exposure landmarks inside the RF and gradient body coils. The exposures were scaled to represent two sets of scenarios: either limited by the implant's MR conditional labeling to a fixed peak temperature rise, or representing an EPI or TrueFISP examination with clinically relevant parameters, where the implant label is not limiting. Results: The temperature enhancement due to the combined RF and gradient sources, evaluated with respect to the maximum values obtained separately, depends on the implant, pulse sequence, and exposure landmark. A maximum relative enhancement of about 65% was found in the ASTM phantom, and maximum absolute enhancements above 0.3 K were found in anatomical models with realistic pulse sequences. Conclusion: There are clinically relevant MR examination scenarios where the maximum heating contributions produced by RF and gradient fields combine, enhancing the local peak temperature increase beyond that obtained from either assessment alone. The results prove to be useful for defining safety margins on the maximum allowable temperature increase, avoiding the requirement of a combined gradient coil and RF test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1002/mrm.70059 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 601 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic fields Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging Type: general – SubjectFull: Artificial implants Type: general – SubjectFull: ASTM International (Company) Type: general – SubjectFull: Biological models Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Impact of simultaneous exposure to RF and gradient electromagnetic fields on implant MR safety labeling. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zanovello, Umberto – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Arduino, Alessandro – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fuss, Carina – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Goren, Tolga – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zilberti, Luca – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bottauscio, Oriano IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Text: Jan2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 07403194 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 95 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
