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Flower-like Mn3O4/TiO2 composite thin films as efficient and durable supercapacitor electrodes.

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Title: Flower-like Mn3O4/TiO2 composite thin films as efficient and durable supercapacitor electrodes.
Authors: Netravathi, L.1 (AUTHOR), Deepthi, P.R.1 (AUTHOR) deepthi.pr@presidencyuniversity.in, Mohan Kumar, P.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ceramics International. Jan2026, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p1516-1529. 14p.
Subjects: Supercapacitor electrodes, Titanium dioxide, Hydrothermal synthesis, Thin films, Electric capacity, Electrochemical analysis, Manganese oxides
Abstract: In this work, pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 composite thin films [Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2] were successfully synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via a hydrothermal method and systematically evaluated for supercapacitor applications. Comprehensive structural, optical, and electrochemical characterizations were performed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 composite exhibited reduced crystallite size, enhanced visible-light absorption, lower Urbach energy, and a distinct "pompom flower" morphology with increased porosity compared to pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1. EDS analysis further verified the successful incorporation of Mn 3 O 4 into the TiO 2 matrix, confirming the purity and intended composition of the composite thin film. Electrochemically, the composite Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 demonstrated a superior specific capacitance of 790 Fg-1 in 1 M KOH and 431 Fg-1 in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 , outperforming TiO 2 electrodes (592 Fg-1 and 148 Fg-1, respectively). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the strong interfacial interaction and efficient ion diffusion within the Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 heterostructure by revealing fast charge-transfer kinetics for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and improved pseudocapacitive behavior for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2.These results establish Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 thin films as efficient and durable electrode materials, with strong potential for advanced supercapacitor technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Description
Abstract:In this work, pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 composite thin films [Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2] were successfully synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via a hydrothermal method and systematically evaluated for supercapacitor applications. Comprehensive structural, optical, and electrochemical characterizations were performed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 composite exhibited reduced crystallite size, enhanced visible-light absorption, lower Urbach energy, and a distinct "pompom flower" morphology with increased porosity compared to pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1. EDS analysis further verified the successful incorporation of Mn 3 O 4 into the TiO 2 matrix, confirming the purity and intended composition of the composite thin film. Electrochemically, the composite Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 demonstrated a superior specific capacitance of 790 Fg-1 in 1 M KOH and 431 Fg-1 in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 , outperforming TiO 2 electrodes (592 Fg-1 and 148 Fg-1, respectively). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the strong interfacial interaction and efficient ion diffusion within the Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 heterostructure by revealing fast charge-transfer kinetics for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and improved pseudocapacitive behavior for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2.These results establish Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 thin films as efficient and durable electrode materials, with strong potential for advanced supercapacitor technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02728842
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.307