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Flower-like Mn3O4/TiO2 composite thin films as efficient and durable supercapacitor electrodes.

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Title: Flower-like Mn3O4/TiO2 composite thin films as efficient and durable supercapacitor electrodes.
Authors: Netravathi, L.1 (AUTHOR), Deepthi, P.R.1 (AUTHOR) deepthi.pr@presidencyuniversity.in, Mohan Kumar, P.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ceramics International. Jan2026, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p1516-1529. 14p.
Subjects: Supercapacitor electrodes, Titanium dioxide, Hydrothermal synthesis, Thin films, Electric capacity, Electrochemical analysis, Manganese oxides
Abstract: In this work, pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 composite thin films [Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2] were successfully synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via a hydrothermal method and systematically evaluated for supercapacitor applications. Comprehensive structural, optical, and electrochemical characterizations were performed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 composite exhibited reduced crystallite size, enhanced visible-light absorption, lower Urbach energy, and a distinct "pompom flower" morphology with increased porosity compared to pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1. EDS analysis further verified the successful incorporation of Mn 3 O 4 into the TiO 2 matrix, confirming the purity and intended composition of the composite thin film. Electrochemically, the composite Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 demonstrated a superior specific capacitance of 790 Fg-1 in 1 M KOH and 431 Fg-1 in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 , outperforming TiO 2 electrodes (592 Fg-1 and 148 Fg-1, respectively). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the strong interfacial interaction and efficient ion diffusion within the Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 heterostructure by revealing fast charge-transfer kinetics for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and improved pseudocapacitive behavior for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2.These results establish Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 thin films as efficient and durable electrode materials, with strong potential for advanced supercapacitor technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Flower-like Mn3O4/TiO2 composite thin films as efficient and durable supercapacitor electrodes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Netravathi%2C+L%2E%22">Netravathi, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deepthi%2C+P%2ER%2E%22">Deepthi, P.R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> deepthi.pr@presidencyuniversity.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohan+Kumar%2C+P%2E%22">Mohan Kumar, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ceramics+International%22">Ceramics International</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p1516-1529. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supercapacitor+electrodes%22">Supercapacitor electrodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+dioxide%22">Titanium dioxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+synthesis%22">Hydrothermal synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thin+films%22">Thin films</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+capacity%22">Electric capacity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrochemical+analysis%22">Electrochemical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manganese+oxides%22">Manganese oxides</searchLink>
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  Data: In this work, pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 composite thin films [Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2] were successfully synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via a hydrothermal method and systematically evaluated for supercapacitor applications. Comprehensive structural, optical, and electrochemical characterizations were performed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, UV–Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 composite exhibited reduced crystallite size, enhanced visible-light absorption, lower Urbach energy, and a distinct "pompom flower" morphology with increased porosity compared to pristine TiO 2 and Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1. EDS analysis further verified the successful incorporation of Mn 3 O 4 into the TiO 2 matrix, confirming the purity and intended composition of the composite thin film. Electrochemically, the composite Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2 demonstrated a superior specific capacitance of 790 Fg-1 in 1 M KOH and 431 Fg-1 in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 , outperforming TiO 2 electrodes (592 Fg-1 and 148 Fg-1, respectively). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the strong interfacial interaction and efficient ion diffusion within the Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 heterostructure by revealing fast charge-transfer kinetics for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -1 and improved pseudocapacitive behavior for Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 -2.These results establish Mn 3 O 4 /TiO 2 thin films as efficient and durable electrode materials, with strong potential for advanced supercapacitor technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.307
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Titanium dioxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal synthesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thin films
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      – SubjectFull: Electric capacity
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      – SubjectFull: Electrochemical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manganese oxides
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Flower-like Mn3O4/TiO2 composite thin films as efficient and durable supercapacitor electrodes.
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            NameFull: Netravathi, L.
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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