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The Investigation of Grid Extension Versus Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study.

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Title: The Investigation of Grid Extension Versus Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study.
Authors: Altimania, Mohammad Rashed M.1 (AUTHOR), Mukhitdinov, Otabek2 (AUTHOR), Abduvokhidov, Alisher3,4 (AUTHOR), Saitov, Elyor5 (AUTHOR), Kutliev, Uchkun6 (AUTHOR), Yegzekova, Anara7 (AUTHOR), Makhanova, M. A.8 (AUTHOR), Ayalew, Abebe Temesgen9 (AUTHOR) teabeman@gmail.com, Adedeji, Paul (AUTHOR) padedeji@uj.ac.za
Source: International Journal of Energy Research. 1/16/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-20. 20p.
Subjects: Cost analysis, Renewable energy sources, Distributed power generation, Field research, Saudi Arabians, Sustainability, Electric power consumption
Geographic Terms: Saudi Arabia
Abstract: One of the challenges in supplying electricity to remote areas is deciding whether to use standalone systems or extend the grid line. This article investigates a standalone hybrid renewable system versus extending the grid line to meet a proposed residential load demand of 6000 kWh/day, in a case study located 145 km from the grid. The study identifies the optimum possible grid extension distances, taking into account environmental factors such as carbon dioxide (CO2) penalty and CO2 emissions during the optimization process. Results indicate that, at the current distance from the grid, grid extension is not an economical solution. Instead, a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES)—comprising photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), diesel generator (DG), and battery—is the optimal energy supply option, with net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) values of $4.55 M and $0.136/kWh, respectively. For the system considered, the optimal grid extension distance is 12 km. Load demand, grid extension cost, and distance from the grid are discussed as three main parameters affecting grid extension feasibility. Increasing load demand raises the optimal grid extension distance, while capacity shortage (CS) has a greater influence on this distance. Additionally, when the grid extension cost is held constant, a higher CS reduces the optimal grid extension distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Energy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 190936950
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: The Investigation of Grid Extension Versus Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Altimania%2C+Mohammad+Rashed+M%2E%22">Altimania, Mohammad Rashed M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mukhitdinov%2C+Otabek%22">Mukhitdinov, Otabek</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abduvokhidov%2C+Alisher%22">Abduvokhidov, Alisher</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saitov%2C+Elyor%22">Saitov, Elyor</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kutliev%2C+Uchkun%22">Kutliev, Uchkun</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yegzekova%2C+Anara%22">Yegzekova, Anara</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Makhanova%2C+M%2E+A%2E%22">Makhanova, M. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ayalew%2C+Abebe+Temesgen%22">Ayalew, Abebe Temesgen</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> teabeman@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adedeji%2C+Paul%22">Adedeji, Paul</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<i> padedeji@uj.ac.za</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Energy+Research%22">International Journal of Energy Research</searchLink>. 1/16/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-20. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost+analysis%22">Cost analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distributed+power+generation%22">Distributed power generation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Field+research%22">Field research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saudi+Arabians%22">Saudi Arabians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+consumption%22">Electric power consumption</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saudi+Arabia%22">Saudi Arabia</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: One of the challenges in supplying electricity to remote areas is deciding whether to use standalone systems or extend the grid line. This article investigates a standalone hybrid renewable system versus extending the grid line to meet a proposed residential load demand of 6000 kWh/day, in a case study located 145 km from the grid. The study identifies the optimum possible grid extension distances, taking into account environmental factors such as carbon dioxide (CO2) penalty and CO2 emissions during the optimization process. Results indicate that, at the current distance from the grid, grid extension is not an economical solution. Instead, a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES)—comprising photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), diesel generator (DG), and battery—is the optimal energy supply option, with net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) values of $4.55 M and $0.136/kWh, respectively. For the system considered, the optimal grid extension distance is 12 km. Load demand, grid extension cost, and distance from the grid are discussed as three main parameters affecting grid extension feasibility. Increasing load demand raises the optimal grid extension distance, while capacity shortage (CS) has a greater influence on this distance. Additionally, when the grid extension cost is held constant, a higher CS reduces the optimal grid extension distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Energy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/er/2627041
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cost analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Distributed power generation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Field research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Saudi Arabians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sustainability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Saudi Arabia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Investigation of Grid Extension Versus Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study.
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              M: 01
              Text: 1/16/2026
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              Y: 2026
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