Modified differential evolution algorithm to finding optimal solution for AC transmission expansion planning problem.

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Title: Modified differential evolution algorithm to finding optimal solution for AC transmission expansion planning problem.
Authors: Duong, Thanh Long1 duongthanhlong@iuh.edu.vn, Bui, Nguyen Duc Huy1 bui2huy@gmail.com
Source: International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708). Dec2025, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p5045-5054. 10p.
Subjects: Differential evolution, Alternating currents, Electric power system planning, Nonlinear equations, Mathematical optimization, Algorithms, Electric power consumption, Capital costs
Abstract: The transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem primarily aims to determine the appropriate number and location of additional lines required to meet the increasing power demand at the lowest possible investment cost while meeting the operation constraints. Most of the research in the past solved the TEP problem using the direct current (DC) model instead of the alternating current (AC) model because of its non-linear and non-convex nature. In order to improve the effectiveness of solving the AC transmission expansion planning (ACTEP) problem, a modified version of the differential evolution (DE) is proposed in this paper. The main idea of the modification is to limit the randomness of the mutation process by focusing on the first, second, and third-best individuals. To prove the effectiveness of the suggested method, the ACTEP problem considering fuel costs is solved in the Graver 6 bus system and the IEEE 24 bus system. Moreover, the result of each system is compared to the original DE algorithm and state-of-the-art methods such as the one-to-one-based optimizer (OOBO), the artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA), the dandelion optimizer (DO), the tuna swarm optimization (TSO), and the chaos game optimization (CGO). The results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the original DE algorithm by 1.86% in solving the ACTEP problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708) is the property of Institute of Advanced Engineering & Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Modified differential evolution algorithm to finding optimal solution for AC transmission expansion planning problem.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duong%2C+Thanh+Long%22">Duong, Thanh Long</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> duongthanhlong@iuh.edu.vn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bui%2C+Nguyen+Duc+Huy%22">Bui, Nguyen Duc Huy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> bui2huy@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Electrical+%26+Computer+Engineering+%282088-8708%29%22">International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708)</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p5045-5054. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Differential+evolution%22">Differential evolution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alternating+currents%22">Alternating currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+system+planning%22">Electric power system planning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonlinear+equations%22">Nonlinear equations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Algorithms%22">Algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+consumption%22">Electric power consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Capital+costs%22">Capital costs</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem primarily aims to determine the appropriate number and location of additional lines required to meet the increasing power demand at the lowest possible investment cost while meeting the operation constraints. Most of the research in the past solved the TEP problem using the direct current (DC) model instead of the alternating current (AC) model because of its non-linear and non-convex nature. In order to improve the effectiveness of solving the AC transmission expansion planning (ACTEP) problem, a modified version of the differential evolution (DE) is proposed in this paper. The main idea of the modification is to limit the randomness of the mutation process by focusing on the first, second, and third-best individuals. To prove the effectiveness of the suggested method, the ACTEP problem considering fuel costs is solved in the Graver 6 bus system and the IEEE 24 bus system. Moreover, the result of each system is compared to the original DE algorithm and state-of-the-art methods such as the one-to-one-based optimizer (OOBO), the artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA), the dandelion optimizer (DO), the tuna swarm optimization (TSO), and the chaos game optimization (CGO). The results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the original DE algorithm by 1.86% in solving the ACTEP problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708) is the property of Institute of Advanced Engineering & Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5045-5054
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 5045
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Differential evolution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alternating currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power system planning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonlinear equations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Capital costs
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modified differential evolution algorithm to finding optimal solution for AC transmission expansion planning problem.
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            NameFull: Duong, Thanh Long
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            NameFull: Bui, Nguyen Duc Huy
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708)
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