KAYANGAN: Lightweight authentication and key agreement scheme using HPKE for 6G non-terrestrial networks.

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Title: KAYANGAN: Lightweight authentication and key agreement scheme using HPKE for 6G non-terrestrial networks.
Authors: Khalid, Haqi1 (AUTHOR) haqikhalid1@gmail.com, Hashim, Shaiful Jahari1,2,3 (AUTHOR) sjh@upm.edu.my, Abdulsaheb, Jaafar Ahmed4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ain Shams Engineering Journal. Jan2026, Vol. 17 Issue 1, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: 6G networks, Telecommunication satellites, Benchmark problems (Computer science)
Abstract: The evolution of sixth-generation (6G) communication requires secure and efficient mechanisms for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), where high mobility, latency, and exposure to security threats pose critical challenges. This paper presents KAYANGAN, a lightweight key agreement scheme based on Hybrid Public Key Encryption (HPKE). The scheme ensures mutual authentication, session key freshness, and secure handovers in dynamic NTN environments. Its security is formally validated through BAN logic and the AVISPA tool, confirming resistance to replay, impersonation, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Performance evaluation using OMNeT + + , VEINS, and SUMO shows clear advantages over existing protocols, including 20.8 % lower end-to-end delay, 13 % higher throughput, 24 % lower energy consumption, 16.1 % lower computation cost, and 23.3 % reduced communication overhead. These results confirm that KAYANGAN is a practical and efficient solution for securing resource-constrained NTN applications such as UAV networks and satellite-based IoT.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ain Shams Engineering Journal is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: KAYANGAN: Lightweight authentication and key agreement scheme using HPKE for 6G non-terrestrial networks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khalid%2C+Haqi%22">Khalid, Haqi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> haqikhalid1@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hashim%2C+Shaiful+Jahari%22">Hashim, Shaiful Jahari</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sjh@upm.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdulsaheb%2C+Jaafar+Ahmed%22">Abdulsaheb, Jaafar Ahmed</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ain+Shams+Engineering+Journal%22">Ain Shams Engineering Journal</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 17 Issue 1, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%226G+networks%22">6G networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Telecommunication+satellites%22">Telecommunication satellites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benchmark+problems+%28Computer+science%29%22">Benchmark problems (Computer science)</searchLink>
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  Data: The evolution of sixth-generation (6G) communication requires secure and efficient mechanisms for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), where high mobility, latency, and exposure to security threats pose critical challenges. This paper presents KAYANGAN, a lightweight key agreement scheme based on Hybrid Public Key Encryption (HPKE). The scheme ensures mutual authentication, session key freshness, and secure handovers in dynamic NTN environments. Its security is formally validated through BAN logic and the AVISPA tool, confirming resistance to replay, impersonation, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Performance evaluation using OMNeT + + , VEINS, and SUMO shows clear advantages over existing protocols, including 20.8 % lower end-to-end delay, 13 % higher throughput, 24 % lower energy consumption, 16.1 % lower computation cost, and 23.3 % reduced communication overhead. These results confirm that KAYANGAN is a practical and efficient solution for securing resource-constrained NTN applications such as UAV networks and satellite-based IoT.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ain Shams Engineering Journal is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103839
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Benchmark problems (Computer science)
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              Text: Jan2026
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