Modeling of the Chemical Re-Alkalization of Concrete by Application of Alkaline Mortars.
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| Title: | Modeling of the Chemical Re-Alkalization of Concrete by Application of Alkaline Mortars. |
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| Authors: | Glawe, Clarissa1 (AUTHOR) glawe@ibac.rwth-aachen.de, Achenbach, Rebecca1 (AUTHOR), Raupach, Michael1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Jan2026, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p278. 24p. |
| Subjects: | Alkalinization, Mortar, Chemical properties, Saturation (Chemistry), Diffusion measurements, Carbon steel corrosion |
| Abstract: | Since the number of existing steel-reinforced concrete buildings affected by carbonation-induced corrosion is steadily increasing, there is a high demand for durable repair methods. Chemical re-alkalization (CRA) represents one such approach, relying on the transport of alkaline pore solution from a repair mortar into carbonated concrete. With the introduction of clinker-reduced binder systems such as hybrid alkali-activated binders (HAABs), their suitability for CRA and governing material parameters require further clarification. In this study, material-related chemical and structural influences on CRA were investigated using an adapted form of Fick's second law of diffusion, incorporating a time-dependent attenuation factor, β(t). The CRA progression was evaluated over 28 days, distinguishing between an initial suction phase and a subsequent diffusion phase. The results show that a high initial alkalinity of the mortar pore solution (pH > 14) significantly enhances re-alkalization during the suction phase, reflected by suction factors a > 1. In contrast, progression during the diffusion phase is primarily governed by the potassium concentration gradient at the mortar–concrete interface, while structural parameters such as capillary porosity show no systematic correlation with the deceleration factor b (−0.46 ≤ b ≤ −0.26). The findings indicate that, within the investigated range, mortar pore solution chemistry has a stronger influence on CRA than structural properties, providing guidance for the targeted design of alkaline repair mortars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 191174512 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Modeling of the Chemical Re-Alkalization of Concrete by Application of Alkaline Mortars. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Glawe%2C+Clarissa%22">Glawe, Clarissa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> glawe@ibac.rwth-aachen.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Achenbach%2C+Rebecca%22">Achenbach, Rebecca</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raupach%2C+Michael%22">Raupach, Michael</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p278. 24p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alkalinization%22">Alkalinization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mortar%22">Mortar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+properties%22">Chemical properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saturation+%28Chemistry%29%22">Saturation (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diffusion+measurements%22">Diffusion measurements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+steel+corrosion%22">Carbon steel corrosion</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Since the number of existing steel-reinforced concrete buildings affected by carbonation-induced corrosion is steadily increasing, there is a high demand for durable repair methods. Chemical re-alkalization (CRA) represents one such approach, relying on the transport of alkaline pore solution from a repair mortar into carbonated concrete. With the introduction of clinker-reduced binder systems such as hybrid alkali-activated binders (HAABs), their suitability for CRA and governing material parameters require further clarification. In this study, material-related chemical and structural influences on CRA were investigated using an adapted form of Fick's second law of diffusion, incorporating a time-dependent attenuation factor, β(t). The CRA progression was evaluated over 28 days, distinguishing between an initial suction phase and a subsequent diffusion phase. The results show that a high initial alkalinity of the mortar pore solution (pH > 14) significantly enhances re-alkalization during the suction phase, reflected by suction factors a > 1. In contrast, progression during the diffusion phase is primarily governed by the potassium concentration gradient at the mortar–concrete interface, while structural parameters such as capillary porosity show no systematic correlation with the deceleration factor b (−0.46 ≤ b ≤ −0.26). The findings indicate that, within the investigated range, mortar pore solution chemistry has a stronger influence on CRA than structural properties, providing guidance for the targeted design of alkaline repair mortars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ma19020278 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 24 StartPage: 278 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Alkalinization Type: general – SubjectFull: Mortar Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical properties Type: general – SubjectFull: Saturation (Chemistry) Type: general – SubjectFull: Diffusion measurements Type: general – SubjectFull: Carbon steel corrosion Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Modeling of the Chemical Re-Alkalization of Concrete by Application of Alkaline Mortars. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Glawe, Clarissa – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Achenbach, Rebecca – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Raupach, Michael IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 01 Text: Jan2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961944 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
