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The Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Pressure Agglomeration and Properties of Pellets Produced from Torrefied Forest Logging Residues.

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Title: The Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Pressure Agglomeration and Properties of Pellets Produced from Torrefied Forest Logging Residues.
Authors: Gendek, Arkadiusz1 (AUTHOR) arkadiusz_gendek@sggw.edu.pl, Aniszewska, Monika1,2 (AUTHOR), Tylek, Paweł2,3 (AUTHOR), Szewczyk, Grzegorz2,4 (AUTHOR), Krilek, Jozef3,5 (AUTHOR), Čabalová, Iveta4,6 (AUTHOR), Malaťák, Jan1,5 (AUTHOR), Bradna, Jiří2,5 (AUTHOR), Szakálos-Mátyás, Katalin3,6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jan2026, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p317. 28p.
Subjects: Pelletizing, Agglomeration (Materials), Compression loads, Pyrolysis, Slash (Logging), Statistics, Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: Pellets produced from raw or torrefied shredded logging residues have been investigated in the study. The research material came from pine and spruce stands in Poland, Slovakia, Czechia and Hungary. Torrefaction temperatures (Tt) of 250, 300, and 400 °C were applied. Before pressure agglomeration, 3% wheat flour was added to the torrefaction material as a binding agent. Pellets with a diameter of 8 mm were produced at constant humidity, compaction pressure (P) of 140 or 180 MPa and agglomeration temperature (Ta) of 100, 120 or 140 °C. The produced pellets were assessed for their physicomechanical parameters (density, radial compressive strength, compression ratio, modulus of elasticity), chemical parameters (extractive compounds, cellulose, lignin) and energy parameters (ash content, elemental composition, calorific value). The results were subjected to basic statistical analysis and multi-way ANOVA. The produced pellets varied in physical, mechanical, chemical and energy properties. A significant effect of torrefaction temperature, agglomeration temperature and compaction pressure on the results was observed. In terms of physicomechanical parameters, the best pellets were produced from the raw material, while in terms of energy parameters, those produced from the torrefied material were superior. Pellets of satisfactory quality produced from torrefied logging residues could be obtained at Tt = 250 °C, Ta = 120 °C and P = 180 MPa. Pellets with specific density of approximately 1.1 g·cm−3, radial compressive strength of 3–3.5 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 60–80 MPa and calorific value of 20.3–23.8 MJ·kg−1 were produced in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: The Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Pressure Agglomeration and Properties of Pellets Produced from Torrefied Forest Logging Residues.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gendek%2C+Arkadiusz%22">Gendek, Arkadiusz</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> arkadiusz_gendek@sggw.edu.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aniszewska%2C+Monika%22">Aniszewska, Monika</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tylek%2C+Paweł%22">Tylek, Paweł</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szewczyk%2C+Grzegorz%22">Szewczyk, Grzegorz</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krilek%2C+Jozef%22">Krilek, Jozef</searchLink><relatesTo>3,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Čabalová%2C+Iveta%22">Čabalová, Iveta</searchLink><relatesTo>4,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malaťák%2C+Jan%22">Malaťák, Jan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bradna%2C+Jiří%22">Bradna, Jiří</searchLink><relatesTo>2,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szakálos-Mátyás%2C+Katalin%22">Szakálos-Mátyás, Katalin</searchLink><relatesTo>3,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p317. 28p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pelletizing%22">Pelletizing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agglomeration+%28Materials%29%22">Agglomeration (Materials)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compression+loads%22">Compression loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrolysis%22">Pyrolysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Slash+%28Logging%29%22">Slash (Logging)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Pellets produced from raw or torrefied shredded logging residues have been investigated in the study. The research material came from pine and spruce stands in Poland, Slovakia, Czechia and Hungary. Torrefaction temperatures (Tt) of 250, 300, and 400 °C were applied. Before pressure agglomeration, 3% wheat flour was added to the torrefaction material as a binding agent. Pellets with a diameter of 8 mm were produced at constant humidity, compaction pressure (P) of 140 or 180 MPa and agglomeration temperature (Ta) of 100, 120 or 140 °C. The produced pellets were assessed for their physicomechanical parameters (density, radial compressive strength, compression ratio, modulus of elasticity), chemical parameters (extractive compounds, cellulose, lignin) and energy parameters (ash content, elemental composition, calorific value). The results were subjected to basic statistical analysis and multi-way ANOVA. The produced pellets varied in physical, mechanical, chemical and energy properties. A significant effect of torrefaction temperature, agglomeration temperature and compaction pressure on the results was observed. In terms of physicomechanical parameters, the best pellets were produced from the raw material, while in terms of energy parameters, those produced from the torrefied material were superior. Pellets of satisfactory quality produced from torrefied logging residues could be obtained at Tt = 250 °C, Ta = 120 °C and P = 180 MPa. Pellets with specific density of approximately 1.1 g·cm−3, radial compressive strength of 3–3.5 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 60–80 MPa and calorific value of 20.3–23.8 MJ·kg−1 were produced in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma19020317
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 28
        StartPage: 317
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pelletizing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agglomeration (Materials)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compression loads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyrolysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Slash (Logging)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Pressure Agglomeration and Properties of Pellets Produced from Torrefied Forest Logging Residues.
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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