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Spark plasma sintered Ce/Gd co‐doped lanthanum hexaboride with enhanced thermionic emission properties.

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Title: Spark plasma sintered Ce/Gd co‐doped lanthanum hexaboride with enhanced thermionic emission properties.
Authors: Wang, Yan1 (AUTHOR), Pan, Liping1 (AUTHOR), Ma, Zhigao1 (AUTHOR), Luo, Shifeng1 (AUTHOR), Han, Cuiliu2 (AUTHOR) hancl@sxjg-sps.com, Xu, Jianfei1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Jingwen3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Jiuxing1 (AUTHOR) zjiuxing@hfut.edu.cn
Source: Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Jan2026, Vol. 109 Issue 1, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Thermionic emission, Electron work function, Solution strengthening, Lanthanum, Photoelectron spectroscopy, Cathodes, Sintering
Abstract: This study investigates the effect of Ce/Gd co‐doping on the work function and thermionic emission properties of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Ce/Gd co‐doping effectively reduces the work function of LaB6, with the value decreasing from 2.11 eV for the LaB6 (100) surface to 2.09 eV for the La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6 (100) surface. Using spark plasma sintering, Ce/Gd co‐doped LaB6 bulks with a CsCl‐type single‐phase substitutional solid solution structure were fabricated, achieving relative densities exceeding 96.2%. The dense SPSed specimens exhibit no noticeable texture, comparable average grain size, and a homogeneous distribution of rare‐earth metal cations. The Hv value of 21.2 ± 0.54 GPa for La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6 is higher than that of 18.5 ± 0.60 GPa for LaB6, which can be ascribed to the solid solution strengthening effect induced by Ce/Gd co‐doping; however, the Ce/Gd co‐doping is incapable of improving fracture toughness. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further confirms that the work function of Ce/Gd co‐doped LaB6 (2.58 eV for La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6) is lower than that of pure LaB6 (2.68 eV). Importantly, under identical operating conditions, the dense La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6 bulk demonstrates higher thermionic emission current densities than LaB6, highlighting its promising potential as a high‐performance thermionic cathode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191210814
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Spark plasma sintered Ce/Gd co‐doped lanthanum hexaboride with enhanced thermionic emission properties.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yan%22">Wang, Yan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Liping%22">Pan, Liping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Zhigao%22">Ma, Zhigao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Shifeng%22">Luo, Shifeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Han%2C+Cuiliu%22">Han, Cuiliu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hancl@sxjg-sps.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Jianfei%22">Xu, Jianfei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Jingwen%22">Zhang, Jingwen</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Jiuxing%22">Zhang, Jiuxing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zjiuxing@hfut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society%22">Journal of the American Ceramic Society</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 109 Issue 1, p1-12. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermionic+emission%22">Thermionic emission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+work+function%22">Electron work function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solution+strengthening%22">Solution strengthening</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lanthanum%22">Lanthanum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photoelectron+spectroscopy%22">Photoelectron spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cathodes%22">Cathodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sintering%22">Sintering</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the effect of Ce/Gd co‐doping on the work function and thermionic emission properties of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6). Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Ce/Gd co‐doping effectively reduces the work function of LaB6, with the value decreasing from 2.11 eV for the LaB6 (100) surface to 2.09 eV for the La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6 (100) surface. Using spark plasma sintering, Ce/Gd co‐doped LaB6 bulks with a CsCl‐type single‐phase substitutional solid solution structure were fabricated, achieving relative densities exceeding 96.2%. The dense SPSed specimens exhibit no noticeable texture, comparable average grain size, and a homogeneous distribution of rare‐earth metal cations. The Hv value of 21.2 ± 0.54 GPa for La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6 is higher than that of 18.5 ± 0.60 GPa for LaB6, which can be ascribed to the solid solution strengthening effect induced by Ce/Gd co‐doping; however, the Ce/Gd co‐doping is incapable of improving fracture toughness. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further confirms that the work function of Ce/Gd co‐doped LaB6 (2.58 eV for La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6) is lower than that of pure LaB6 (2.68 eV). Importantly, under identical operating conditions, the dense La0.5Ce0.25Gd0.25B6 bulk demonstrates higher thermionic emission current densities than LaB6, highlighting its promising potential as a high‐performance thermionic cathode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jace.70487
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Thermionic emission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electron work function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solution strengthening
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lanthanum
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photoelectron spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cathodes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sintering
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spark plasma sintered Ce/Gd co‐doped lanthanum hexaboride with enhanced thermionic emission properties.
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            NameFull: Wang, Yan
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            NameFull: Pan, Liping
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            NameFull: Ma, Zhigao
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            NameFull: Luo, Shifeng
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            NameFull: Han, Cuiliu
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            NameFull: Zhang, Jingwen
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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