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Bio-Based Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams: Functional Behavior Across Application Temperatures.

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Title: Bio-Based Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams: Functional Behavior Across Application Temperatures.
Authors: Malewska, Elżbieta1 (AUTHOR) elzbieta.malewska@pk.edu.pl, Raftopoulos, Konstantinos N.1,2 (AUTHOR), Rytlewski, Piotr1,2 (AUTHOR), Michałowski, Sławomir1,2 (AUTHOR), Koman, Natalia1 (AUTHOR), Kurańska, Maria1 (AUTHOR), Prociak, Aleksander1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p174. 17p.
Subjects: Urethane foam, Thermal stability, Absorption, Polyols, Furniture, Mechanical behavior of materials, Viscoelastic materials, Sustainability
Abstract: Viscoelastic polyurethane foams were prepared using four different bio-based polyols derived from coconut oil (CO), palm oil (PO), duck fat (DF), and pork fat (PF), employing up to 20 wt.% of the polyol component in a conventional formulation. The introduction of bio-polyols into the polyurethane formulation gave rise to an early minor decomposition of modified foams at low temperatures; however, the overall thermal stability improved slightly by the elimination of some intermediate decomposition stages. The glass transition temperature of foams was only moderately influenced and remained in the typical temperature range (around 10 °C). The effect of biopolyol type and content (5–20 wt.%) on the mechanical properties of the foams was investigated over the temperature range −20 to 40 °C. At 20 and 40 °C, all foams exhibited comfortable viscoelastic properties suitable for furniture applications. Hysteresis and the damping behavior of foams were also influenced by biopolyol type and concentration, with CO and DF providing enhanced energy absorption. Overall, these bio-based foams demonstrate potential for eco-friendly, high-performance applications, although their use at temperatures below 10 °C may be limited by increased stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Bio-Based Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams: Functional Behavior Across Application Temperatures.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malewska%2C+Elżbieta%22">Malewska, Elżbieta</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> elzbieta.malewska@pk.edu.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raftopoulos%2C+Konstantinos+N%2E%22">Raftopoulos, Konstantinos N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rytlewski%2C+Piotr%22">Rytlewski, Piotr</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michałowski%2C+Sławomir%22">Michałowski, Sławomir</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koman%2C+Natalia%22">Koman, Natalia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kurańska%2C+Maria%22">Kurańska, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prociak%2C+Aleksander%22">Prociak, Aleksander</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p174. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urethane+foam%22">Urethane foam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Absorption%22">Absorption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyols%22">Polyols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Furniture%22">Furniture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viscoelastic+materials%22">Viscoelastic materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink>
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  Data: Viscoelastic polyurethane foams were prepared using four different bio-based polyols derived from coconut oil (CO), palm oil (PO), duck fat (DF), and pork fat (PF), employing up to 20 wt.% of the polyol component in a conventional formulation. The introduction of bio-polyols into the polyurethane formulation gave rise to an early minor decomposition of modified foams at low temperatures; however, the overall thermal stability improved slightly by the elimination of some intermediate decomposition stages. The glass transition temperature of foams was only moderately influenced and remained in the typical temperature range (around 10 °C). The effect of biopolyol type and content (5–20 wt.%) on the mechanical properties of the foams was investigated over the temperature range −20 to 40 °C. At 20 and 40 °C, all foams exhibited comfortable viscoelastic properties suitable for furniture applications. Hysteresis and the damping behavior of foams were also influenced by biopolyol type and concentration, with CO and DF providing enhanced energy absorption. Overall, these bio-based foams demonstrate potential for eco-friendly, high-performance applications, although their use at temperatures below 10 °C may be limited by increased stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18020174
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Urethane foam
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
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      – SubjectFull: Absorption
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      – SubjectFull: Polyols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Furniture
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Viscoelastic materials
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainability
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
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              Y: 2026
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