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Fatigue Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Loess Reinforced with Permeable Polyurethane Polymer Grouting.

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Title: Fatigue Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Loess Reinforced with Permeable Polyurethane Polymer Grouting.
Authors: Yue, Lisha1,2 (AUTHOR), Yang, Xiaodong2,3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Shuo1,3 (AUTHOR), Guo, Chengchao1,4,5 (AUTHOR), Guo, Zhihua5,6 (AUTHOR), Du, Loukai6,7 (AUTHOR), Wang, Lina1,7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p242. 28p.
Subjects: Finite element method, Loess, Cyclic loads, Sustainable construction, Computer simulation, Fatigue testing machines
Abstract: Loess subgrades are prone to significant strength reduction and deformation under cyclic traffic loads and moisture ingress. Permeable polyurethane polymer grouting has emerged as a promising non-excavation technique for rapid subgrade reinforcement. This study systematically investigated the fatigue behavior of polymer-grouted loess using laboratory fatigue tests and numerical simulations. A series of stress-controlled cyclic tests were conducted on grouted loess specimens under varying moisture contents and stress levels, revealing that fatigue life decreased with increasing moisture and stress levels, with a maximum life of 200,000 cycles achieved under optimal conditions. The failure process was categorized into three distinct stages, culminating in a "multiple-crack" mode, indicating improved stress distribution and ductility. Statistical analysis confirmed that fatigue life followed a two-parameter Weibull distribution, enabling the development of a probabilistic fatigue life prediction model. Furthermore, a 3D finite element model of the road structure was established in Abaqus and integrated with Fe-safe for fatigue life assessment. The results demonstrated that polymer grouting reduced subgrade stress by nearly one order of magnitude and increased fatigue life by approximately tenfold. The consistency between the simulation outcomes and experimentally derived fatigue equations underscores the reliability of the proposed numerical approach. This research provides a theoretical and practical foundation for the fatigue-resistant design and maintenance of loess subgrades reinforced with permeable polyurethane polymer grouting, contributing to the development of sustainable infrastructure in loess-rich regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fatigue Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Loess Reinforced with Permeable Polyurethane Polymer Grouting.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p242. 28p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Loess%22">Loess</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyclic+loads%22">Cyclic loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+construction%22">Sustainable construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+testing+machines%22">Fatigue testing machines</searchLink>
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  Data: Loess subgrades are prone to significant strength reduction and deformation under cyclic traffic loads and moisture ingress. Permeable polyurethane polymer grouting has emerged as a promising non-excavation technique for rapid subgrade reinforcement. This study systematically investigated the fatigue behavior of polymer-grouted loess using laboratory fatigue tests and numerical simulations. A series of stress-controlled cyclic tests were conducted on grouted loess specimens under varying moisture contents and stress levels, revealing that fatigue life decreased with increasing moisture and stress levels, with a maximum life of 200,000 cycles achieved under optimal conditions. The failure process was categorized into three distinct stages, culminating in a "multiple-crack" mode, indicating improved stress distribution and ductility. Statistical analysis confirmed that fatigue life followed a two-parameter Weibull distribution, enabling the development of a probabilistic fatigue life prediction model. Furthermore, a 3D finite element model of the road structure was established in Abaqus and integrated with Fe-safe for fatigue life assessment. The results demonstrated that polymer grouting reduced subgrade stress by nearly one order of magnitude and increased fatigue life by approximately tenfold. The consistency between the simulation outcomes and experimentally derived fatigue equations underscores the reliability of the proposed numerical approach. This research provides a theoretical and practical foundation for the fatigue-resistant design and maintenance of loess subgrades reinforced with permeable polyurethane polymer grouting, contributing to the development of sustainable infrastructure in loess-rich regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18020242
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 28
        StartPage: 242
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      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Loess
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cyclic loads
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable construction
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      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
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      – SubjectFull: Fatigue testing machines
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Fatigue Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Loess Reinforced with Permeable Polyurethane Polymer Grouting.
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            NameFull: Yue, Lisha
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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