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Mechanisms of droplet impact on ultrasonically vibrating surfaces.

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Title: Mechanisms of droplet impact on ultrasonically vibrating surfaces.
Authors: Chen, Xiuhong1,2 (AUTHOR), Gu, Wenting1,2 (AUTHOR), Yan, Lutao1,2 (AUTHOR) YanltBupt@hotmail.com, Zhang, Qinjian3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Colloids & Surfaces A: Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects. Mar2026, Vol. 733, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Mass transfer, Wetting, Mechanism (Philosophy), Computer simulation, High-speed photography, Impact (Mechanics), Ultrasonic waves
Abstract: In precision coating, inkjet printing, and anti-/de-icing applications, droplet impact-spreading behavior plays a crucial role in mass transfer and wettability control. In this study, we systematically investigate the mechanism by which ultrasonic vibration regulates droplet impact-spreading behavior, based on coupled multiphysics numerical simulations and experimental observations. First, the conservation of momentum during droplet impact and spreading under ultrasonic vibration is derived. A two-dimensional axisymmetric multiphysics-coupled model is then established. Experimentally, high-speed imaging is employed to capture the droplet impact process, and the model's reliability is validated against the experimental results. Results show that, under applied ultrasonic vibration, the droplet's maximum spreading factor can increase by up to 36 %. When the Weber number increases to 43.72, the maximum spreading factor under ultrasonic vibration increases by 54 %, and the time to reach this peak shortens from 7.23 ms to 5.01 ms. Mechanistic analysis indicates that ultrasonic radiation pressure and acoustic streaming periodically alternate between lifting and suppressing, thereby modulating the droplet's internal pressure and contact-line velocity fields at the microscopic scale and accelerating spreading. This study provides a quantitative basis and mechanistic explanation for liquid transport and wettability control in ultrasonically-assisted precision coating, inkjet printing, and anti-/de-icing applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:In precision coating, inkjet printing, and anti-/de-icing applications, droplet impact-spreading behavior plays a crucial role in mass transfer and wettability control. In this study, we systematically investigate the mechanism by which ultrasonic vibration regulates droplet impact-spreading behavior, based on coupled multiphysics numerical simulations and experimental observations. First, the conservation of momentum during droplet impact and spreading under ultrasonic vibration is derived. A two-dimensional axisymmetric multiphysics-coupled model is then established. Experimentally, high-speed imaging is employed to capture the droplet impact process, and the model's reliability is validated against the experimental results. Results show that, under applied ultrasonic vibration, the droplet's maximum spreading factor can increase by up to 36 %. When the Weber number increases to 43.72, the maximum spreading factor under ultrasonic vibration increases by 54 %, and the time to reach this peak shortens from 7.23 ms to 5.01 ms. Mechanistic analysis indicates that ultrasonic radiation pressure and acoustic streaming periodically alternate between lifting and suppressing, thereby modulating the droplet's internal pressure and contact-line velocity fields at the microscopic scale and accelerating spreading. This study provides a quantitative basis and mechanistic explanation for liquid transport and wettability control in ultrasonically-assisted precision coating, inkjet printing, and anti-/de-icing applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:09277757
DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.139262