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Aurorae and SAR arc dynamics during the substorm event. Magnetospheric phenomena in the plasmapause vicinity.

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Title: Aurorae and SAR arc dynamics during the substorm event. Magnetospheric phenomena in the plasmapause vicinity.
Authors: Ievenko, I.B.1 (AUTHOR) ievenko@ikfia.ysn.ru
Source: Advances in Space Research. Feb2026, Vol. 77 Issue 3, p3386-3403. 18p.
Subjects: Auroras, Magnetospheric physics, Imaging systems, Plasma boundary layers, Ion energy, Magnetic storms, Luminosity
Abstract: • SAR arc arose at the diffuse aurora boundary during the convection intensification. • Red arc intensity increased during the substorm eastward extension of the auroral bulge. • At this time, rays appeared at the diffuse aurora boundary in the 557.7 nm emission. • Luminosity ledges at the SAR arc polarward edge were moving eastward. • What magnetospheric phenomena have been mapped in the aurorae and red arc dynamics? Stable auroral red (SAR) arcs are the consequence of interaction of energetic ions of the ring current with the plasmapause. The literature is dominated by the idea that SAR arcs are observed during the recovery phase of magnetic storms. Our previous studies of the subauroral luminosity at the Yakutsk meridian showed that auroral red arcs appear and/or brighten during the substorm expansion phase. This work presents for the first time the results of simultaneous observations with all-sky imagers of aurora dynamics at the Zhigansk station (CGMLat 62°, GMLon 196°) and formation of the SAR arc at the subauroral Maimaga station (CGMLat 58°, GMLon 202°). The event of February 15, 2018 with a minimum of SYM-H = −20 nT is considered, in which the red arc arose during the substorm growth phase after the IMF Bz southward turn. The longitudinal region of the expansion phase onset this substorm was located in the evening sector of 2000–2200 MLT. The auroral bulge were expanding eastward in the MLT postmidnight hours, where the SAR arc brightening was observed from the western horizon to the east. At the same time, there was also an eastward movement of the glow ledges on the polar edge of the arc, the rays (corona) appeared and the luminosity pulsations were detected in the vicinity of the diffuse aurora boundary in the 557.7 nm emission. The Swarm-B satellite measured subauroral electron temperature peaks at latitudes of the SAR arc near the meridian of observations during the growth and recovery phases of the substorm. We show a probable relationship of the observed luminosity dynamics to the series of magnetospheric phenomena in the plasmapause vicinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Description
Abstract:• SAR arc arose at the diffuse aurora boundary during the convection intensification. • Red arc intensity increased during the substorm eastward extension of the auroral bulge. • At this time, rays appeared at the diffuse aurora boundary in the 557.7 nm emission. • Luminosity ledges at the SAR arc polarward edge were moving eastward. • What magnetospheric phenomena have been mapped in the aurorae and red arc dynamics? Stable auroral red (SAR) arcs are the consequence of interaction of energetic ions of the ring current with the plasmapause. The literature is dominated by the idea that SAR arcs are observed during the recovery phase of magnetic storms. Our previous studies of the subauroral luminosity at the Yakutsk meridian showed that auroral red arcs appear and/or brighten during the substorm expansion phase. This work presents for the first time the results of simultaneous observations with all-sky imagers of aurora dynamics at the Zhigansk station (CGMLat 62°, GMLon 196°) and formation of the SAR arc at the subauroral Maimaga station (CGMLat 58°, GMLon 202°). The event of February 15, 2018 with a minimum of SYM-H = −20 nT is considered, in which the red arc arose during the substorm growth phase after the IMF Bz southward turn. The longitudinal region of the expansion phase onset this substorm was located in the evening sector of 2000–2200 MLT. The auroral bulge were expanding eastward in the MLT postmidnight hours, where the SAR arc brightening was observed from the western horizon to the east. At the same time, there was also an eastward movement of the glow ledges on the polar edge of the arc, the rays (corona) appeared and the luminosity pulsations were detected in the vicinity of the diffuse aurora boundary in the 557.7 nm emission. The Swarm-B satellite measured subauroral electron temperature peaks at latitudes of the SAR arc near the meridian of observations during the growth and recovery phases of the substorm. We show a probable relationship of the observed luminosity dynamics to the series of magnetospheric phenomena in the plasmapause vicinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02731177
DOI:10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.025