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The Generation of Nonlinear Internal Waves over the Submarine Ridge Connecting Madeira and Desertas Islands.

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Title: The Generation of Nonlinear Internal Waves over the Submarine Ridge Connecting Madeira and Desertas Islands.
Authors: Reis, Jesus1,2,3 (AUTHOR) jesus.reis@oom.arditi.pt, Merrifield, Mark4 (AUTHOR), Gomiz-Pascual, Juan Jesus1 (AUTHOR), Lucas, Carlos2,3 (AUTHOR), Caldeira, Rui2,3 (AUTHOR), Bruno, Miguel1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography. Jan2026, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p213-224. 12p.
Subjects: Nonlinear waves, Tidal currents, Fluid mechanics, Mid-ocean ridges, Archipelagoes, Islands, Vertical mixing (Earth sciences)
Geographic Terms: Madeira (Madeira Islands), Madeira Islands
Abstract: Moored current meter and temperature observations and satellite data are used to assess the properties of tidally driven, nonlinear internal waves generated over a north-northwest-oriented submarine ridge, connecting the islands of Madeira and Desertas. Strong tidal flows (∼0.5 m s−1) over the ∼100-m-deep, ∼5-km-wide ridge result in the generation of semidiurnal internal tides and high-frequency lee waves with different behavior on either side of the ridge. Westward across-ridge tidal flows result in supercritical hydraulic conditions that give rise to internal bores that remain quasi stationary until flows become subcritical, allowing the bores to propagate eastward past the mooring located near the ridge crest. Eastward across-ridge tidal flows do not result in bores at the mooring location, although bores are detected in remote sensing data farther north. This difference in the generation of internal waves is attributed to an asymmetric barotropic tidal flow due to the steering of the current by the Madeira Island coastline. The recorded internal waves contribute significantly to vertical mixing over the ridge, with the involvement of second- and higher-order baroclinic modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: The Generation of Nonlinear Internal Waves over the Submarine Ridge Connecting Madeira and Desertas Islands.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reis%2C+Jesus%22">Reis, Jesus</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jesus.reis@oom.arditi.pt</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Merrifield%2C+Mark%22">Merrifield, Mark</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gomiz-Pascual%2C+Juan+Jesus%22">Gomiz-Pascual, Juan Jesus</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lucas%2C+Carlos%22">Lucas, Carlos</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Caldeira%2C+Rui%22">Caldeira, Rui</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bruno%2C+Miguel%22">Bruno, Miguel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Physical+Oceanography%22">Journal of Physical Oceanography</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p213-224. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonlinear+waves%22">Nonlinear waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tidal+currents%22">Tidal currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+mechanics%22">Fluid mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mid-ocean+ridges%22">Mid-ocean ridges</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Archipelagoes%22">Archipelagoes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Islands%22">Islands</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vertical+mixing+%28Earth+sciences%29%22">Vertical mixing (Earth sciences)</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Madeira+%28Madeira+Islands%29%22">Madeira (Madeira Islands)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Madeira+Islands%22">Madeira Islands</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Moored current meter and temperature observations and satellite data are used to assess the properties of tidally driven, nonlinear internal waves generated over a north-northwest-oriented submarine ridge, connecting the islands of Madeira and Desertas. Strong tidal flows (∼0.5 m s−1) over the ∼100-m-deep, ∼5-km-wide ridge result in the generation of semidiurnal internal tides and high-frequency lee waves with different behavior on either side of the ridge. Westward across-ridge tidal flows result in supercritical hydraulic conditions that give rise to internal bores that remain quasi stationary until flows become subcritical, allowing the bores to propagate eastward past the mooring located near the ridge crest. Eastward across-ridge tidal flows do not result in bores at the mooring location, although bores are detected in remote sensing data farther north. This difference in the generation of internal waves is attributed to an asymmetric barotropic tidal flow due to the steering of the current by the Madeira Island coastline. The recorded internal waves contribute significantly to vertical mixing over the ridge, with the involvement of second- and higher-order baroclinic modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1175/JPO-D-25-0033.1
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 213
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nonlinear waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tidal currents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid mechanics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mid-ocean ridges
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Archipelagoes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Islands
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vertical mixing (Earth sciences)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Madeira (Madeira Islands)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Madeira Islands
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Generation of Nonlinear Internal Waves over the Submarine Ridge Connecting Madeira and Desertas Islands.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Reis, Jesus
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            NameFull: Merrifield, Mark
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            NameFull: Gomiz-Pascual, Juan Jesus
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            NameFull: Lucas, Carlos
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            NameFull: Caldeira, Rui
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 00223670
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              Value: 56
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Physical Oceanography
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