Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Health Risks Associated With Acrylamide in Grilled Balal Products Using Monte Carlo Simulation.
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| Title: | Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Health Risks Associated With Acrylamide in Grilled Balal Products Using Monte Carlo Simulation. |
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| Authors: | Bahrami, Roya1 (AUTHOR), Abedi-Firoozjah, Reza2 (AUTHOR), Ebrahimi, Behzad3 (AUTHOR), Awlqadr, Farhang Hameed4 (AUTHOR), Heydari, Mahshid2 (AUTHOR), Fallahzadeh, Reza Ali5 (AUTHOR), Omidi, Fariborz6 (AUTHOR) fariborz.omidi@kums.ac.ir, Mohammadi, Reza1 (AUTHOR) r.mohammadi@kums.ac.ir, Hebishy, Essam (AUTHOR) ehebishy@wiley.com |
| Source: | Journal of Food Processing & Preservation. 2/1/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-13. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Acrylamide, Carcinogenicity, Hazards, Monte Carlo method, Grills (Cooking), Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| Geographic Terms: | Iran, Kermanshah (Kermanshahan, Iran) |
| Abstract: | Grilled Balal, also known as Persian street corn, is a popular Iranian grilled food that is frequently consumed in Iran and some other Middle Eastern nations as a snack food. However, possible changes in chemistry or formation of chemical carcinogen, such as acrylamide (ACR), during the grilling of Balal can pose human health concerns. In the present study, the occurrence of ACR was determined in 40 grilled Balal samples collected from strategic places and local marketplaces in Kermanshah province, using liquid chromatography‐ mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Moreover, target hazard quotient (THQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were used to discover the human noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of ACR via Balal consumption in the studied population using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. ACR was recognized in all of the Balal samples studied, so that the mean concentration of ACR in Balal was determined as 407 ± 34 μg/kg. Based on the performed noncarcinogenic risk assessment, the THQ value for ACR at the 95th percentile was calculated as 2.08E0, while THQ in the P (5% and 50%) were lower than the safe limit of 1. The ILCR of grilled Balal ACR also estimated for the studied population was significantly higher than the USEPA permitted ILCR value (ILCR > 1.00E‐5). Therefore, significant carcinogenic risk for the studied population due to consumption of Balal was observed. Additionally, the findings of sensitivity analysis, which was done to establish the most effective parameter in raising cancer and noncancer risk, revealed that the ACR concentration parameter (83.1%) had the highest influence on enhancing sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Grilled Balal, also known as Persian street corn, is a popular Iranian grilled food that is frequently consumed in Iran and some other Middle Eastern nations as a snack food. However, possible changes in chemistry or formation of chemical carcinogen, such as acrylamide (ACR), during the grilling of Balal can pose human health concerns. In the present study, the occurrence of ACR was determined in 40 grilled Balal samples collected from strategic places and local marketplaces in Kermanshah province, using liquid chromatography‐ mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Moreover, target hazard quotient (THQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were used to discover the human noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of ACR via Balal consumption in the studied population using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. ACR was recognized in all of the Balal samples studied, so that the mean concentration of ACR in Balal was determined as 407 ± 34 μg/kg. Based on the performed noncarcinogenic risk assessment, the THQ value for ACR at the 95th percentile was calculated as 2.08E0, while THQ in the P (5% and 50%) were lower than the safe limit of 1. The ILCR of grilled Balal ACR also estimated for the studied population was significantly higher than the USEPA permitted ILCR value (ILCR > 1.00E‐5). Therefore, significant carcinogenic risk for the studied population due to consumption of Balal was observed. Additionally, the findings of sensitivity analysis, which was done to establish the most effective parameter in raising cancer and noncancer risk, revealed that the ACR concentration parameter (83.1%) had the highest influence on enhancing sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 01458892 |
| DOI: | 10.1155/jfpp/5561275 |
